基于生态位视角的山区城乡居民点的空间重构与土地整治（英文）

With the socio-economic development associated with urbanization, the urban-rural relationship has changed across the world. In China, due to the urban-rural dual structure, these changes turn out to be more complicated. Spatial restructuring are suggested as the main strategies and spatial supporting platforms for urban-rural development. However, the theory still lacks solid methodology and support from systematic empirical studies. This study seeks an adequate scientific methodology and discusses the difference of urban-rural transformation in plains and mountainous areas. A case in Shanghang County, China, demonstrates: 1) The compound ecological niche model can be a suitable approach in urban-rural restructuring, especially in mountainous areas. 2) The urban-rural development area with highly inappropriate, slightly appropriate, moderately appropriate, and highly appropriate areas are 1273.2 km2(44.69%); 906.1 km2(31.80%); 509.4 km2(17.88%); and 160.1 km2(5.62%), respectively. 3) The "deserting villages" in mountainous areas play positive synergistic roles in urbanization, in contrast to the "hollowing villages" common in plain areas. 4) The central town-village will become the most important settlement in mountainous areas. Therefore, we suggest more attention should be paid to environmental capacity in the construction of central town-villages. This study significantly extends the understanding of "hollowing village" theory and regional planning.     

福建省城镇体系空间结构特征及影响因素

以福建省67个县级经济体作为研究的单元,通过综合发展指数和两两节点最短通勤时间,利用引力模型计算经济联系强度,依托最大经济联系方向"自下而上"进行组织,明确城镇等级体系,并从产业、交通和政策方面分析城镇等级结构的影响因素。结果表明:(1)福建省67个县级单元综合发展实力存在明显地域差异,东西部发展水平差距显著;(2)省域内形成"一带三轴"的经济联系格局,具有明显的极核发展和点轴发展特征,并呈现多核心的发展结构,网络结构的发展相对简单;(3)依据经济联系强度的空间自组织模式在福建省域内形成6个子区域,以福州、泉州、厦门为核心的沿海区域和以南平、三明、龙岩为核心的内陆区域;(4)城镇空间结构受众多因素影响,其中产业布局、交通可达性和政策规划是产生影响的主要因素,交通特征是影响城镇联系的重要条件,产业布局是推动城镇结构转变的内在动力,政策规划则是城镇空间结构的重要引导因素。     

福建省乡村发展与农村经济聚集耦合分析

中国的城镇化进程对农村产生深远的影响。本研究关注快速城镇化背景下的沿海农村发展和趋势,以福建省为例进行实证研究,结果表明,福建省的乡村性从2000年到2010年略有降低,并呈现从东南到西北增加的空间格局。本研究同时构建了区位商及其变化趋势的综合指标辨析农村经济聚集区及其动态发展特征。农村经济呈现明显的区位特征和聚集特征,非农产业聚集区出现在乡村性较弱但经济最为发达的东南地区。福建省西部和北部农村出现了非农产业新兴区和农业聚集区,区域内农业优势变化的驱动力较强。非农产业成熟区和新兴区是福建省的主体区域。传统农业区的空间比例最小,且呈现稳态的发展轨迹,转变的驱动力较小。乡村性与区位商总体上具有较好的正相关性。但是不同农村经济聚集区的乡村性和区位商的耦合程度具有多样性。农村的非农经济得到长足发展,出现新的农村类型。本文最后讨论了福建省县域尺度的农村发展和趋势,并对村镇这种新的农村形态的形成与聚集区域进行了探索性的研究,明确了不同形态的农村的发展区域,为新型城镇化建设和新农村建设两大国家战略的实现提供科学的依据。     

厦门岛城市空间扩张特征及其影响因素

Most of the world’s cities are concentrated in coastal areas. As a special geographical component of the coastal system, island urban spatial expansion is the outcome of interactions between city development and the physical environment. This paper takes Xiamen Island, located in Southeastern China, as an example to analyze island urban spatial expansion and its determinants by combining an analysis of the literature on urban development policies, urban overall plans, population growth and industrial development, with geographical information analysis using historical maps and remote sensing photographs. Firstly, we reviewed the history of the Xiamen City development during the last 100 years, which can be divided into four periods: the embryonic modern city and early development from 1908 to 1949; administrative boundary expansion and infrastructure development from 1950 to 1979; special economic zone construction and rapid urbanization from 1980 to 2003; and Bay City construction since 2003. The dynamic changes to the coastline, island shape, built-up area, transportation, administrative division, and major land use type conversion which occurred during approximately the past 100 years were analyzed and the characteristics of the island urban spatial expansion were concluded: early expansion from a central point, followed by expansion along a section of coastline, and expansion from the coastline inland. Secondly, we discussed the potential determinants of island urban spatial expansion including administrative division adjustment, urban master planning revision, industrial development, topographical factors, coastal area reclamation, transportation expansion, and population growth. Finally, the effects of each potential determinant on island urban spatial expansion were concluded. Island urban spatial expansion is the result of a synthesis of natural and socio-economic factors which are not independent but interacting. Built-up area expansion is the major driver of island land cover and land use changes. By this paper, we hope to provide a scientific reference contributing to the rational understanding of island and coastal sustainable urbanization in China, and the world beyond.     

城市餐饮业的空间格局及影响因素分析——以厦门市为例

以厦门市餐饮业普查数据为基础,结合实地考察,运用ArcGIS空间分析,以街道为研究单位分析了厦门市餐饮业的空间格局.结果发现,厦门市的餐饮业分布岛内岛外差异显著,以厦门岛为核心呈现圈层式发展,岛内从城市中心向外递减,各街道内餐饮业主要以组团式集聚和带状分布相结合的方式出现.综合考虑区域经济水平、人口密度、交通便捷程度、城市空间格局等与餐饮业分布有关的影响因素,运用SPSS进行相关性分析,结果表明:餐饮业的空间分布与城镇住宅面积、商业服务用地关联度最高;城市的公共设施用地面积和城中村住宅面积与餐饮业的发展呈     

城镇化进程中九龙江口湿地景观格局演变模拟

运用SLEUTH模型模拟在3种不同情景下九龙江口2010-2020年城镇扩展过程,并分析了城镇化过程中区域湿地景观格局的演变趋势。结果表明：研究区城镇扩展主要受自然地理要素与道路建设的影响,环境适当保护方案（MEP）与规划方案（PS）可以有效控制城镇的无序扩张与规模;城镇化使得湿地景观面积迅速减少,且以人工湿地减少为主;不同情景下天然湿地景观格局的演变趋势差异较大,现有发展趋势方案（MSQ）与环境适当保护方案（MEP）下天然湿地景观趋于异质性,而规划方案（PS）下景观趋于均质性;３种方案下人工湿地景观都趋于均质化发展。研究进一步探讨了SLEUTH模型在城镇扩展模拟与预测研究中的适用性。     

厦门常住人口社会分层实证分析与政策建议

外来人口是城市常住人口的重要组成部分,为社会经济的发展作出重要贡献。研究外来人口与本地人口的居住、就业特征和社会经济情况,探索常住人口内部分层现象及其成因,进一步分析人口政策,有助于消弭差异,实现社会融合,合理分配城市空间资源,促进不同社会阶层全面发展,构筑可持续的城市化进程。本文以厦门市为研究区,构建外来人口集中度指标,运用空间自相关和Logistic 模型,分析厦门市常住人口的居住分层特征。研究结果表明,外来人口在厦门市域范围内接近随机分布,具有经济导向性,并与第二产业规模显著相关。在城市核心区显示较强的空间聚集效应,与地价存在显著的空间相关性。Logistic 模型验证了本地居民与外来居民之间,在年龄,受教育程度,单位职务,房屋产权,居住面积和社会地位等方面都存在显著差异,尤其是以住房资源分化引起的居住分层最为严重,并影响了外来人口对自身社会地位的认同。这种分层会阻滞经济活力和可持续发展。为此,本文提出应以政策为导向,提高外来人口的居住效用,将外来人口的政策融入到城市的发展规划中。