海南岛西部八所组上部砂质沉积物的成因及其环境意义

海南岛西海岸地区砂质沉积物广泛发育。对昌化棋子湾剖面砂质沉积物的TL(热释光）测年表明，该地层沉积于32.1±3.30~10.30±1.30 ka BP间，归属于上更新统八所组上部。通过对该地层沉积构造特征、粒度特征和石英颗粒扫描电镜分析，显示本区八所组上部自下而上为“风成砂—弱成壤—风成砂—冲积砂—风成砂”沉积“相序”，八所组上部总体上以厚层风成相为主，夹短周期气候波动引起的薄层河流相(Ⅱ层)和弱成壤风成相(Ⅳ层)沉积，与本区八所组陆相冲洪积成因地层为同期异相地层。由此说明，末次冰期时南海北部受冰期气候影响，海平面大幅度下降，大陆架广泛出露，局部沙漠化，并成为海岸风成沉积的物源区。     

RS与GIS支持下近50 a海南岛西部土地沙漠化时空演变过程研究

 海南岛西部是我国惟一的热带稀树干草原沙漠化地区,选取5期遥感数据,采用室内解译和野外检验修正的方法,获得海南岛西部不同时期土地沙漠化数据库。结果分析表明,海南岛西部土地沙漠化在时间上经历了快速发展—初步逆转—全面逆转—波动反复的变化过程;在空间上由沿岸带向昌化、莺歌海两重心收缩、逆转;同时,其发展/逆转过程以沙漠化土地与林地、耕地相互转化为主,伴随着沙漠化土地内部复杂程度间转化。总之,总体逆转、局部反复波动是近50 a海南岛西部土地沙漠化时空演变的基本趋势。     

粤北石漠化地区土壤侵蚀初步研究

土壤流失是石漠化最基本的过程之一。本文采用广东省阳山县江英镇实验小区的观测资料,分析粤北岩溶山区不同土地利用类型的侵蚀差异。结果表明,裸地表层的养分流失速度很快,其侵蚀量是无人为扰动的原始草坡的60余倍,耕地的侵蚀量平均也达到原始草坡的15倍左右。有植被覆盖的原始草坡地和耕地的侵蚀量均与次降水量的相关性更高,而裸地的侵蚀量与连续30分钟最大雨强的相关性高,这一观测结果表明地表植被抵御短期强降水侵蚀土壤的效果明显。      

海南岛西海岸沙丘形成动力过程的风洞模拟试验

The western coast of Hainan Island exhibits a savanna landscape. Many types of sand dunes, including transverse dune ridges, longitudinal dune ridges, elliptical dunes, coppice dunes, and climbing dunes, are widely distributed in the coastal zone. In winter, high-frequency and high-energy NE winds (dominant winds) are prevalent, with a resultant drift direction (RDD) of S35.6°W. In spring, low-frequency and low-energy SW secondary winds prevail, with a RDD of N25.1°E. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the airflow over the dune surface is the main factor controlling the erosion and deposition patterns of dune surfaces and the morphological development of dunes. In the region’s bidirectional wind en- vironment, with two seasonally distinct energy levels, the airflow over the surface of elliptical dunes, barchan dunes, and transverse dune ridges will exhibit a transverse pattern, whereas the airflow over longitudinal dunes ridges exhibits a lateral pattern and that over climbing dunes exhibits a climbing-circumfluent pattern. These patterns represent different dynamic processes. The coastal dunes on the western coast of Hainan Island are influenced by factors such as onshore winds, sand sources, coastal slopes, rivers, and forest shelter belts. The source of the sand that supplements these dunes particularly influences the development pattern: when there is more sand, the pattern shows positive equilibrium deposition between dune ridges and dunes; otherwise, it shows negative equilibrium deposition. The presence or absence of forest shelter belts also influences deposition and dune development patterns and transformation of dune forms. Coastal dunes and inland desert dunes experience similar dynamic processes, but the former have more diversified shapes and more complex formation mechanisms.