山东沂沭河流域2000BC前后古文化兴衰的环境考古

Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture （4600-4300 cal. yr BP）, the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation intensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un- derdeveloped, simple and unsophisticated.     

长江三峡库区玉溪遗址地层沉积特征研究

在考古断代和AMS14C测年基础上,通过对洪水沉积环境以及三峡库区中坝遗址1981年洪水沉积和玉溪疑似古洪水沉积的粒度对比分析,发现它们的平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度都在同一值域范围内;概率累积曲线都呈明显的三段式,从而推断出玉溪遗址的文化间隙层为古洪水沉积。     

山东沂沭河流域2000BC前后古文化兴衰的环境考古(英文)

Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture (4600-4300 cal. yr BP),the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation in-tensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un-derdeveloped,simple and unsophisticated.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na- Ca 元素含量 揭示的制盐业兴衰史

在对中坝和玉溪遗址考古断代和AMS14C 测年基础上, 根据对中坝遗址201 个地层样品ICP 等离子发射光谱的Na、Ca、Mg 元素测定及玉溪遗址47 个地层样品的Na、Ca 元素测 定, 发现中坝制盐遗址地层中存在明显的Na、Ca 元素含量反向相关期有35 处之多, 即: 当Ca 元素为峰值时, Na 元素为谷值, 反之亦然。其中, Ca 元素为峰值、Na 元素为谷值的反向相关期有21 次, 揭示出中坝遗址近5 ka 来制盐业有过近21 个兴盛期。另有14 个Na 元素为 峰值、Ca 元素为谷值的反向相关期, 揭示中坝遗址近5 ka 来制盐业也有过近14 个衰落期。考古发掘得出的“中坝制盐业萌发于新石器时代、夏商发展、西周至汉代为鼎盛期、唐宋时代维持稳定发展、宋以后由于海盐进入川江地区导致中坝制盐业逐渐衰落、但20 世纪70-80 年代仍有生产”的结论证明本文Na、Ca 元素含量反向相关性得出的研究结果是正确的。以上研究结果表明, 中坝制盐遗址中Na、Ca 元素含量有明显的反向相关规律, 这一规律可以用于揭示盐业遗址的制盐业兴衰过程历史。     

宁镇及宜溧地区全新世中晚期典型沉积相与5700a B.P.前后的气候突变事件

分析宁镇及宜溧地区中晚全新世典型剖面的地层划分与特征,采用R-Q型因子分析方法估算气候变化值,揭示5700a B.P.前后发生在本区的干燥降温异常气候突变事件。气候曲线与沉积相序列的对比分析表明,宝华山浅棕黄色砂土夹角砾层洪-坡积相是该突变事件背景下的产物,且该突变事件还具有全球变化区域响应的征候,林峰桥同期淤泥质层中Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺比和粘土百分含量异常值进一步印证了这一论断。     

重庆中坝遗址剖面磁化率异常 与人类活动的关系

结合古器物推定及¹⁴C 测定年代、人类遗存遗迹和堆积物自然属性特征, 重庆中坝考 古遗址多剖面地层高分辨率采样的质量磁化率(SI) 综合对比研究表明: 磁化率分布表现异常, 在很大程度上已掩盖了气候变化、成土作用等因素对地层磁化率分布的贡献, 反映遗址堆积物曾受到人类长期异常强烈的改造。堆积物来源主要以文化器物碎片、人为带入的自然碎屑物和频繁的洪水沉积物为主。碎陶片集中(尤其红陶) 的文化层表现为高磁化率值, 其中多次异常高值的出现可能与此时高强度用火、大规模燃烧等事件致使土层磁性矿物增加有关; 而" 洪水扰动层" 则表现为低磁化率值。进一步分析曲线还可发现, 中坝地区新石器末至唐代是人类活动的活跃期, 宋以后人类活动有逐渐减弱的趋势, 其中新石器时代末、夏商中期、西周早中期、春秋时期、战国中晚期、六朝时期及唐代为活跃期中的旺盛阶段。新石器晚期、夏商早期、西周早期、春秋晚期、战国早期、宋代、明清和现代地层中洪水扰动明显, 推断 为洪水频发时代或此间曾出现过特大洪水。     

改革分配制度推动企业快速发展

分配制度改革是调动设计人员、企业积极性和创造性的主要方式。本文针对改革同设计院的发展作了系统的阐述，并强调了联系的紧密性。