干湿效应下崩岗岩土不均匀沉降变形规律与崩壁崩坍机制

发育于花岗岩出露区崩岗岩土受干湿效应影响显著,导致崩壁坍塌和工程设施受损。通过崩解和快速固结试验,采用6种干湿水平研究干湿路径、固结压力对崩壁岩土相对变形率的影响。结果显示,脱湿过程中裂隙性是影响相对变形率主要因素,而在增湿过程中基质吸力、崩解性、土壤质地则共同决定了不同压力下相对变形率高低。当超过平均先期固结压力103.06 kPa后,相对变形率随固结压力增加而增大;压缩系数与初始含水率呈指数递增关系,初始含水率超过25%后压缩系数剧增;红土层①的压缩系数变化幅度最广（0.15~0.62 MPa-1）,均值最大（0.31 MPa-1）。从干湿效应导致的不均匀沉降角度揭示了崩壁崩坍机制,并讨论了崩岗区水保工程和监测设施不均匀沉降防治原则。其结论可为崩岗防治,工程设施维护提供一定科学依据。     

植被多维结构对水土流失的影响与尺度特征（英文）

This review summarizes the effects of vegetation on runoff and soil loss in three dimensions: vertical vegetation structures(aboveground vegetation cover, surface litter layer and underground roots), plant diversity, vegetation patterns and their scale characteristics. Quantitative relationships between vegetation factors with runoff and soil loss are described. A framework for describing relationships involving vegetation, erosion and scale is proposed. The relative importance of each vegetation dimension for various erosion processes changes across scales. With the development of erosion features(i.e., splash, interrill, rill and gully), the main factor of vertical vegetation structures in controlling runoff and soil loss changes from aboveground biomass to roots. Plant diversity levels are correlated with vertical vegetation structures and play a key role at small scales, while vegetation patterns also maintain a critical function across scales(i.e., patch, slope, catchment and basin/region). Several topics for future study are proposed in this review, such as to determine efficient vegetation architectures for ecological restoration, to consider the dynamics of vegetation patterns, and to identify the interactions involving the three dimensions of vegetation.