Optimal content and ratio of lysine to arginine in the diet of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

The optimal quantity of dietary lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg), and the optimal ratio of dietary Lys to Arg for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. Coated Lys and Arg were added to a basal diet (37.99% crude protein and 7.28% crude lipid) to provide graded levels of Lys and Arg. The experimental diets contained three Lys levels (2.51%, 2.11%, and 1.70% of total diet), and three Arg levels (1.41%, 1.80%, and 2.21% of total diet) and all combinations of these levels were tested. Pacific white shrimp, with a mean weight of 3.62±0.1 g, were randomly distributed in 36 fiberglass tanks with 30 shrimp per tank and reared on the experimental diets for 50 days. After the feeding trial, the growth performance, survival, feed conversion rate (FCR), body composition and protease and lipase activities in the hepatopancreases of the experimental shrimps were determined. The results show that weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), FCR, body protein, body Lys and Arg content were significantly affected by dietary Lys and Arg (P <0.05) and improved when dietary Lys and Arg levels were 2.11% ～ 2.51% and 1.80%～2.21%, respectively. Protease and lipase activities in the hepatopancreases of the shrimps appeared higher when dietary Lys and Arg quantities were 2.11% ～2.51% and 1.80%～2.21%, although the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). Therefore, according to our results, the optimal Lys and Arg quantities in the diet of Pacific white shrimp, L. vannamei, were considered to be 2.11%–2.51% and 1.80%–2.21%, respectively, and the optimal ratio to be 1:0.88–1:1.05.     

饲料粗蛋白含量对刺参消化酶及消化道结构的影响

本实验以鱼粉、酪蛋白以及藻粉等为主要原料配制了粗蛋白质量分数为12%、16%、20%、24%、28%、32%的6种半精制刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料,研究饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参生长、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性以及肠道结构的影响。结果表明,刺参饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参的生长、饲料系数、蛋白质效率以及消化道中蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性都有明显影响,肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性对饲料粗蛋白含量有适应性,随饲养时间也有适应性变化。饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参肠道结构也有一定的影响。     

科尔沁沙地荒漠化土地初析

应用1996年TM卫星影像资料得出,科尔沁沙地中心地区荒漠化土地占总土地面积的34.02%,以风蚀荒漠化土地为主。各种荒漠化土地在14个旗(县)的分布不同,按严重程度划分为重度荒漠化地区、中度荒漠化地区和轻度荒漠化地区。对历史时期和近期的分析表明,科尔沁沙地荒漠化土地产生和扩展的根本原因是过度开垦。     

海洋无脊椎动物组织总RNA提取方法的探讨

RNA提取是分子生物学研究的基础实验,由于海洋无脊椎动物组织结构以及体成分的特殊性,导致现有的RNA提取方法不能完全胜任此工作。作者以刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,对异硫氰酸胍RNA提取方法进行了改进。栉孔扇贝和凡纳滨对虾的肝胰腺富含RNase,刺参体壁结构致密、富含胶原蛋白,而成熟期精巢富含多糖,因此在这些动物组织中提取RNA时,在原有方法基础上增加了瞬时匀浆、增加氯仿及酸性酚的抽提次数,或添加高盐溶液等方法。实验结果显示,改进方法后获得的RNA具有完整的28S、18S和5S r RNA条带,A260nm/A280nm和A260nm/A230nm比值分别为1.89~2.0和1.98~2.11,β-actin基因扩增条带清晰,所获得的组织RNA的纯度和质量符合c DNA合成和基因功能研究的要求。     

饲料中磷脂含量对刺参生长和体成分的影响

以磷脂质量分数为0.05%,0.33%,0.65%,0.96%,1.23%,1.55%,2.08%的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料分别饲喂刺参幼参(平均体质量为0.8 g),饲养31 d后,测定刺参的增重率、成活率、体成分以及实验刺参体内的磷脂含量.实验结果表明,饲料中磷脂的含量对刺参生长和体内磷脂质量分数有明显影响.随着饲料中磷脂质量分数的增加到0.65%时,实验刺参的增重率逐渐增加到最大值111.13%,而后则不再增加;刺参体内的磷脂质量分数在饲料中的磷脂质量分数达到0.33%时即接近最大值,达到3.20%,而当饲料磷脂质量分数继续升高时,也不再明显增加.实验刺参体内粗蛋白、粗脂肪及粗灰分在各处理间没有显著差异.因此刺参对饲料磷脂的需求量应为0.65%.