Study on Application of Polyenzyme Method to Offal of Harengula zunasi

The new polyenzyme method for making gravy from Harengula zunasi offal involves protein enzymolysis with flavorase after proper alkaline and neutral protease levels were established by orthogonal trials to select the best hydrolytic conditions for processing offal with alkaline and neutral protease. The conditions for the polyenzyme method were pH of 7.0, temperature of 50℃ , alkaline and neutral protease concentration of 1.5% respectively, hydrolysis time of 120 min, andflavorase concentration of 2.0% , for 60 min. The new gravy-making technology yields a nutritious and delicious gravy containing 40.3 % of total essential amino acids, with delicious amino acids Glu, Asp, Gly, Ala, Pro and Ser comprising 49.5% , total and amino nitrogen being respectively1.9 and 1.1 g/100 g (amino acid nitrogen being 61.0% of total nitrogen), The polyenzyme method was used to make 14.8% protein gravy from Harengula zunasi offal. In addition, in inorganic elements, the phosphorus content is the highest.     

流化冰对于鲣鱼的保鲜效果研究

以远洋鲣鱼为研究对象,以传统淡水碎冰保鲜为对照,研究流化冰处理对鲣鱼的理化性质及微生物特性的影响。结果表明:(1)–4°C冷藏18d后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉pH值、TVB-N、TBA、a*值和菌落总数依次为5.57、10.2mgN/100g、2.87mg/100g、8.92和2.61lgCFU/g,而淡水碎冰保鲜鱼肉各指标已达6.05、20.3mgN/100g、6.60mg/100g、7.16和3.02lgCFU/g,故可知流化冰保鲜处理效果明显优于碎冰保鲜。(2)在25±1°C室温条件下,将冰与鱼放入保温箱内保鲜8h后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉的a*值、pH值、TVB-N、TBA、菌落总数和汁液流失率均显著低于空白和淡水碎冰保鲜处理组(P0.05)。流化冰保鲜可显著减缓鱼体的腐败进程、延长产品货架期,进而满足冰鲜水产品的远洋及长距离运输要求。     

金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)蛋白抗氧化肽的酶解制备及活性评价

采用木瓜蛋白酶水解金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)蛋白, 利用超滤、凝胶色谱和反相高效液相色谱从金乌贼蛋白水解物中制备抗氧化肽, 采用氨基酸序列分析仪和质谱(ESI-MS)确定抗氧化肽结构, 采用自由基清除实验和脂质过氧化抑制实验对多肽抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明, 金乌贼蛋白经木瓜蛋白酶水解和分离纯化得到1个抗氧化肽(AEH-P3), 经氨基酸序列分析和质谱(ESI-MS)确定其结构为Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Asn-Gly-Met-Ala-Gln-Met (APPENGMAQM), 分子量为1045.22Da。体外抗氧化实验结果表明: AEH-P3对DPPH自由基(EC50 4.01mg/mL)、羟自由基(EC50 4.66mg/mL)、ABTS自由基(EC50 3.44mg/mL)和超氧阴离子自由基(EC50 6.03mg/mL)具有良好的清除作用, Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Asn-Gly-Met-Ala-Gln-Met (APPENGMAQM)亦显示出了良好的脂质过氧化抑制作用, 可以用于抗氧化相关的功能食品、药物或者食品添加剂。     

鳀鱼（Engraulis japonicus）蛋白水解物的营养成分及抗高血脂作用的研究

采用化学分析、氨基酸组成分析及动物体内实验等方法，进行了鳀鱼蛋白水解物的一般成分、氨基酸组成和抗高血脂作用研究。结果表明，蛋白水解物含蛋白质20．50％、脂肪9．63％、水分67．37％、灰分1．09％；在必需氨基酸中，异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸及缬氨酸达到FAO／WHO（1973）提出的理想氨基酸模式中相应氨基酸的88％-100％；该蛋白水解物能显著抑制由高脂类饲料喂养导致的高血脂大鼠的TC、TG、HDL升高，其抗高血脂作用可能来源于它本身的功能因子（包括牛磺酸、DHA、EPA、Ca、P和Fe等）。     

Preparation by enzymolysis and bioactivity of iron complex of fish protein hydrolysate （Fe-FPH）from low value fish

Preparation of Fe^2＋ chelate of fish protein hydrolysate （Fe-FPH） obtained from low value fish proteins was introduced and its bioactivity was studied by compound enzymolysis. The optimum conditions for hydrolysate chelating Fe^2＋ are DH （degree of hydrolysis） at 5%, pH 7.0, 20℃ and 15 min chelating time for FM （material not being defatted）. Four types of Fe-FPH including CA （deposit after chelating）, CB （deposit in 50% of absolute ethanol solution）, CC （suspended deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution）, and CD （bottom deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution） were fractionated with absolute ethanol from FM. Structural analysis through infra-red spectrum revealed that Fe^2＋ was combined strongly with amino-group and carboxyl-group in each chelate and each Fe^2＋ could form two five-member ring structures. All of the four chelates were shown more significant antioxidative activity and can be used as natural hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidant. Among all the chelates, the CB possesses the most effective antioxidative activity at 92% as high as that of a-tocopherol. Among all Fe-FPHs, only CD showed the most effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis and can be used as natural antibacterial. It provides a more effective way for utilization of low value fish proteins and key information of Fe-FPH as additive in food industry.     

青鳞鱼蛋白复合酶控制水解物功能特性的研究

研究了青鳞鱼蛋白复合酶控制水解产物的功能特性。结果表明，复合酶控制水解能够显著地改善水解物的溶解性、乳化活力及起泡性能。水解物在pH2．0～10．0范围内其NSI为89．3％～98．5％，且在酸性范围NSI高于碱性范围；在酸性pH内水解物的乳化活力都高于112m^2／g，随着DH的增加，最大乳化活力出现的pH范围更宽广，但水解却降低了乳化稳定性。蛋白质质量分数为1％～5％时，FP随质量分数的增加而增加；泡沫形成后，未水解的蛋白质具有最高的稳定性，DH为8．4％的水解物具有最高的稳定性。     

木瓜蛋白酶在制取青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白中的应用

研究了木瓜蛋白酶的酶解温度，酶浓度，酶解时间，加水量，pH值对青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的影响，探讨了α－氨态氮含量与青鳞鱼与可溶性蛋白得率的关系。结果表明：温度小于50℃，随着酶解温度的提高，酶浓度的增加，酶解时间的延长青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率及α－氨态氮的含量均增加，α＝氨态氮含量增加比可溶性蛋白得率的增加明显；加水量的增加，可溶性蛋白得率增加；pH值对水解效果及可溶性蛋白得率影响不大。综合考虑，最佳水解条件为：温度50℃，酶浓度为1500u/g，酶解时间80min,m原料：m水＝1：2，pH6.8。酶解所得可溶性蛋白经氨基酸分析仪检测,其氨基酸总量为49.47mg/mL，必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41．0％，游离氨基酸含量为6.3mg/mL，肽含量为87．2％。     

Preparation and biological efficacy of haddock bone calcium tablets

To investigate the possible use of waste products obtained after processing haddock, the present study prepared haddock bone calcium powder by NaOH and ethanol soaking (alkalinealcohol method) and prepared haddock bone calcium tablets using the powder in combination with appropriate excipients. The biological efficacy of the haddock bone calcium tablets was investigated using Wistar rats as an experiment model. Results show that the optimal parameters for the alkalinealcohol method are: NaOH concentration 1 mol/L, immersion time 30 h; ethanol concentration 60%, immersion time 15 h. A mixture of 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol was used as an excipient at a ratio of 1:2 to full-cream milk powder, without the use of a disintegrating agent. This process provided satisfactory tablets in terms of rigidity and taste. Animal studies showed that the haddock bone calcium tablets at a dose of 2 g·kg-1·d-1 or 5g·kg-1·d-1 significantly increased blood calcium and phosphorus levels and bone calcium content in rats. Therefore, these tablets could be used for calcium supplementation and prevent osteoporosis. Although the reasons of high absorption in the rats fed with haddock bone calcium tablets are unclear, it is suggested that there are some factors, such as treatment with method of alkaline-alcohol or the added milk, may play positive roles in increasing absorption ratio.     

不同精制方法对鱿鱼（Ommastrephes bartrami）墨黑色素的微观形态、光谱特征及金属元素的影响

采用扫描电镜、光谱分析和元素分析法,进行了胃蛋白酶水解法、高速离心法和酸水解法精制的鱿鱼墨黑色素颗粒形态、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱及金属元素含量的研究。结果表明,酸水解法破坏了鱿鱼墨黑色素的颗粒结构;三种不同精制方法所得的鱿鱼墨黑色素在220nm附近均有强吸收。胃蛋白酶水解和酸水解法有效切除黑色素的氨基基团,但酸水解法下...     

青鳞鱼蛋白复合酶控制水解动力学模型的研究

在假设复合酶恒温控制水解动力学遵循内切酶限制水解动力学历程的前提下 ,采用实验方法求出了复合酶恒温控制水解动力学模型。结果表明 ,复合酶对青鳞鱼蛋白进行控制水解的动力学模型为 :R =(0 .315 4e0 - 0 .0 186s0 )exp(- 0 .170DH) ,DH =5 .882ln[1+(0 .0 5 36 2e0 /s0 -0 .0 0 32 )t];其酶失活常数Kd=0 .0 5 36min- 1;水解反应能够顺利进行的条件是 :e0 /s0 >c0 ,常数c0 =5 .90× 10 - 2 。验证实验证明 ,根据复合酶恒温控制水解动力学模型得到的理论DH与实际DH基本吻合 ,该动力学模型具有很强的实用价值。