冬季青藏高原地面加热与春季川渝地区气温关系的分析

应用奇异值分解(SVD)技术，研究了青藏高原地面加热场与东亚地区上空500hPa高度场及其东侧川渝地区春季气温场的时空联系和冷暖异常成因。结果表明：前期冬季青藏高原地面加热场与后期春季高度场的第一模态代表了两场间的主要耦合特征，具有显的时空相关；前期冬季青藏高原地面加热场通过影响后期春季500hPa高度场，导致高原东侧川渝地区春季气温异常；冬季高原地面加热场强度偏强(弱)，则后期春季东亚上空500hPa高度场偏高(低)，川渝地区春季气温偏高(低)；加热场高度场一气温场之间的这种非同步联系，表明冬季青藏高原地面加热场异常，通过影响未来春季大气环流变化，是造成高原东侧川渝地区春季气温异常的重要原因。     

气候诊断分析中的相空间EOF方法

将相空间技术和EOF展开相结合，提出了相空间自然正交展开新方法，并由此分析了四川降水、温度变化的层次结构、突变特征和相互关系．     

四川盆地特殊地形下基于加密观测的一次低涡暴雨水汽结构分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料以及汛期西南涡加密观测资料,分析了2012年7月7~10日由西南涡引发的四川暴雨天气过程。结果表明:结合加密观测资料能更好表现四川盆地复杂地形下低涡附近的水汽来源及其与实际降雨的关系,由于地形阻挡作用,气流在大巴山以南堆积,引发了四川、陕西交界处的暴雨。运用西南区域数值预报系统(SWCWARMS),与控制试验(不同化观测资料)相比,同化试验(同化西南涡加密观测资料)可使预报降雨与实况更为接近。通过同化加密观测资料,初始时刻四川北部出现了偏南气流,这有利于西南涡的初生,对比试验中的西南涡范围与强度也比控制试验更大更强,并且,试验验证了盆地东北部的水汽堆积现象。因此,西南涡加密观测资料在天气诊断及数值预报业务应用中都具有重要作用。      

近53a珠峰地区气温降水变化特征分析

利用聂拉木和定日国家气象观测站1967~2019年月气温和降水资料,开展了珠穆朗玛峰（简称珠峰）地区季、年气温和降水变化特征分析及变化趋势检验。结果表明:近53a珠峰地区季、年平均气温呈显著升高趋势,冬季增温幅度最大,年平均气温在1997年之前为波动下降而1997年之后则是波动增加,进入21世纪后气温升高愈发明显且在冬季尤为突出;珠峰地区1967~2019年降水量呈波动变化但变化趋势不显著;珠峰地区气温和降水体现出较强的局地性差异,其南、北坡气温和降水呈现出不同的变化特征。      

The Key Supply Source of Long-Distance Moisture Transport for the Extreme Rainfall Event on July 21, 2012 in Beijing

In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and meteorological observation data were used to research the long-distance moisture transport supply source of the extreme rainfall event that occurred on July 21, 2012 in Beijing. Recording a maximum rainfall amount of 460 mm in 24 h, this rainstorm event had two dominant moisture transport channels. In the early stage of the rainstorm, the first channel comprised southwesterly monsoonal moisture from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) that was directly transported to north China along the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau (TP) by orographic uplift. During the rainstorm, the southwesterly moisture transport was weakened by the transfer of Typhoon Vicente. Moreover, the southeasterly moisture transport between the typhoon and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) became another dominant moisture transport channel. The moisture in the lower troposphere was mainly associated with the southeasterly moisture transport from the South China Sea and the East China Sea, and the moisture in the middle troposphere was mainly transported from the BOB and Indian Ocean. The control experiment well reproduced the distribution and intensity of rainfall and moisture transport. By comparing the control and three sensitivity experiments, we found that the moisture transported from Typhoon Vicente and a tropical cyclone in the BOB both significantly affected this extreme rainfall event. After Typhoon Vicente was removed in a sensitivity experiment, the maximum 24-h accumulated rainfall in north China was reduced by approximately 50% compared with that of the control experiment, while the rainfall after removing the tropical cyclone was reduced by 30%. When both the typhoon and tropical cyclone were removed, the southwesterly moisture transport was enhanced. Moreover, the sensitivity experiment of removing Typhoon Vicente also weakened the tropical cyclone in the BOB. Thus, the moisture pump driven by Typhoon Vicente played an important role in maintaining and strengthening the tropical cyclone in the BOB through its westerly airflow. Typhoon Vicente was not only the moisture transfer source for the southwesterly monsoonal moisture but also affected the tropical cyclone in the BOB, which was a key supply source of long-distance moisture transport for the extreme rainfall event on July 21, 2012 in Beijing.     

汛期西南涡暴雨的数值模拟研究

利用西南区域数值预报模式系统SWCWARMS,结合全国汛期高空加密观测资料,对2013年6月29—30日的一次西南涡暴雨过程进行数值模拟和敏感性试验。结果表明,与控制试验相比,同化试验模拟的降雨与实况更为接近,并成功模拟出四川东部的强降雨中心,对于西南涡的模拟,同化试验西南涡出现时间更早,强度更强。并且,通过两组试验初值差异对比发现,同化试验初值在四川盆地对流层中低层表现出更强的低压,更强的涡度以及更强的旋转风扰动,四川盆地西部边坡也存在更强的上升气流,这都有利于西南涡的发生、发展。另外,同化汛期高空加密观测资料对强降雨中心单站的预报改进也较明显。因此,加强汛期加密气象观测,有利于揭示西南涡的发生、发展及其降雨天气影响,也有助于提升数值预报业务技术水平。     

四川盆地盛夏旱涝非绝热热流量场分析

利用１９６４—１９８５年北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均非绝热热流量距平诊断资料，分析了四川盆地盛夏典型旱涝年份的热力特征及其形成的可能原因。发现四川盆地”西涝东旱”年和“西旱东涝”年非绝热热流量左异显著，呈反位相关系。提出夏季青藏高原非绝热加热异常，是影响四川盆地盛夏旱涝形成的重要原因。     

1980年和1981年旱涝异常的热力及环流特征

应用５００ｈＰａ非绝热热流量诊断资料和５００ｈＰａ、１００ｈＰａ高度资料，分析了１９８０、１９８１年北半球大所热力场及大气环流特征。分析结果表明：这两年盛夏，北半球非热热流量距平存在明显差异，在欧亚大陆一带表现出相反发布，前期６月也具有类似特征，相应北半球大气环流存在显著不同。