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Chemical constituents of marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Exophiala oligosperma EN-21

Seven compounds (1–7) were identified from the cultivation of the endophytic fungus Exophiala oligosperma (EN-21) that was isolated from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Laurencia similis. Their structures were identified with spectroscopic and chemical methods as 2-phenoxynaphthalene (1), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2′-hydroxyoctadecanoyl] amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadeca-diene (2), (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (3), (22E, 24R)-3β, 5α, 9α-trihydroxy- ergosta-7, ...     

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of D-hydantoinase gene of marine polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium, Halomonas sp. YSR-3

Hydantoinase is involved in the production of optically pure amino acids from racemic 5-mono-substituted hydantoins. We measured the D-hydantoinase activity in marine Halomonas sp. YSR-3 and amplified the D-hydantoinase gene by PCR. The gene was inserted into vector pGM-T and transformed into E. coli TOP10. The positive transformants with the D-hydantoinase gene were sequenced. The sequenced fragment comprises 1 510 base pairs. The D-hydantoinase gene from YSR-3 is 77% similar to that from Pseudomonas entomophila L4 by searching against the NCBI databse. The protein product of the YSR-3 D-hydantoinase gene is 75%, 73%, and 70% similar to those from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, Marinomonas sp. MED121, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4, respectively. The difference of the D-hydantoinase gene between marine Halomonas sp. YSR-3 and other terrestrial organisms is distinct.     

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????????????????????С?????????????1999??2013??IGS??????????????????й?????TEC???仯??????仯????仯???????????????о???????????TEC???????????????????С???????????γ??????????γ???????????????????????У?????????????LT12:00??16:00???????LT04:00??06:00?????з???????γ?????????????????????TEC?????????????е?????????????????＾??TEC?????????183 d???????????????й??????2001????????“??????”????     

Effect of hypoxia on the blood of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

Large areas of hypoxic water have recently been reported in the East China Sea. It is hypothesized that hypoxia may be partially responsible for the decline of some fish stocks. We evaluated the effect of hypoxia on large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). The fish were exposed to three concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO; 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, and 6.5 mg/L control). We collected blood after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h exposure. There was a significant increase in red blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in the group exposed to 1.5 mg/L DO after 6 h or 12 h, and a delayed increase (only elevated after 48 h and 96 h) in these indices in the group exposed to 2.0 mg/L DO. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly in both hypoxic groups after 24 h. Furthermore, plasma lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly after the first 6 h exposure in both hypoxic groups. Our results suggest that large yellow croakers could not maintain the aerobic pathway and instead use anaerobic metabolism for survival when DO levels fall below 2.0 mg/L. We conclude that the occurrence of hypoxia (<2 mg/L DO) in the East China Sea could cause metabolic stress for large yellow croakers and may be partially responsible for the population decline of this species.     

Occurrence of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda, Bothriocephallidea) in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Changjiang River drainage

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is a potentially serious pathogen in wild or cultured fish in worldwide distribution. We examined 58-farmed grass carp from Nanchang in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River drainage, from which 20.7% were found to harbor the parasite with an infection intensity of 36.9±54.7. The parasites were identified based on morphology and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The present report represents the first record of the parasite in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the river drainage.