Effects of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

Artificial lighting regimes have been successfully used to inhibit sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon in confinement.However,when these operations are applied in commercial recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) using standard lighting technology,sexual maturation is not suppressed.In this study,an L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to determine the effects of three factors(spectral composition,photoperiod,and light intensity) on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon in RAS.We demonstrated that the photoperiod at the tested levels had a much greater effect on the gonadosomatic index and female Fulton condition factor than spectral composition and light intensity.The photoperiod had a significant effect on the secretion of sex steroids and melatonin(P0.05),and a short photoperiod delayed sex steroid and melatonin level increases.The three test factors had no significant effects on the survival rate,specific growth rate,relative weight gain,and male Fulton condition factor(P0.05).The optimum lighting levels in female and male Atlantic salmon were LD 8:16,455 nm(or 625 nm),8.60 W/m~2;and LD 8:16,8.60 W/m~2,455 nm respectively.These conditions not only delayed gonadal development,but also had no negative effects on Atlantic salmon growth in RAS.These results demonstrate that a combination of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity is effective at delaying the gonadal development of both male and female salmon in RAS.     

超声成像技术在大西洋鲑早期性别及发育期鉴别的应用研究

采用KX-5100便携式B超机(7.5MHz高频线阵探头)对273尾1龄或2龄大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)的性别及性腺发育阶段进行了检测,同时对检测的大西洋鲑进行了解剖和取样,利用组织学观察法验证了超声成像技术对大西洋鲑雌雄性别和发育阶段的鉴别结果。研究结果显示:利用超声成像技术鉴别雌、雄大西洋鲑的平均准确率为86%,且鉴别雌鱼的准确率(93%)较雄鱼(81%)高。超声成像技术鉴别Ⅱ期+Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期卵巢的准确率分别为87%、92%和100%,鉴别Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期精巢的准确率分别为64%、71%、86%和84%。总体看来,超声成像技术鉴别早期性腺(Ⅱ期~Ⅲ期)发育的准确率较低,仅为75%,而对晚期性腺(Ⅳ期~Ⅴ期)发育鉴别的准确率较高,达到89%。     

大菱鲆胃质子泵(H~+/K~+ ATPase)与消化机能发生的关系

胃质子泵(H+/K+ATPase)是胃酸分泌的关键酶。本试验采用RACE和PCR方法从大菱鲆的胃组织中提取RNA克隆得到了H+/K+ATPaseα亚基cDNA全长序列。结果表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基序列全长3467 bp,开放阅读框为2964 bp,编码988个氨基酸。与GenBank上其它物种比对发现,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPaseα亚基与斑鳜同源性最高,为89%。进化树分析发现,H+/K+ATPase在进化上具有物种特异性。经RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR检测,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在胚胎孵化后22d开始表达,晚于大菱鲆胃腺出现的时间(16 d),说明大菱鲆胃腺的发育完成并不代表胃功能的完善。另外,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase除了在胃中大量表达之外,在食道中的表达量也很高。结合组织学观察,作者认为,大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase在食道中大量表达是因为在发育上食道是胃的前体,因此保留了分泌H+/K+ATPase的能力。同时通过整体原位杂交试验表明:大菱鲆H+/K+ATPase会首先在食道的末端和胃的贲门处表达。本研究为进一步了解海水鱼类的消化机制提供了理论基础。