中国对虾池溶解氧的收支平衡状态

中国对虾(Penaeuschinensis O'sbeck)为我国沿海养养殖的主要品种.为提高产量与经济效益,研究虾池溶解氧的收支平衡状态具有重要意义,至今此类研究报道较为罕见.本试验于1990年及1991年7-8月测定了杭州湾畔的历年产量高、效益好的金山潜径对虾养殖公司中国对虾池溶解氧的收支状况.据试验结果估算了虾池溶解氧收支平衡状,并提出了水质管理意见.     

罗氏沼虾育苗用水中Mg2+与Ca2+含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对出苗率的影响

１９９１年３－６月和１９９２年３－６月在南汇县东海水产养殖公司对罗氏沼虾育苗用水调配原则与不同基础水的调配方法进行试验研究。结果表明，育苗用水中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋必须达到一定的范围，这是调配的基本原则。以鱼塘水作基础水时，需添加６种化学药品，其中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量可适范围分别为３００．０－４４０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ与１７０．０－２４４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾     

TOXIC EFFECTS OF ZINC ON FOUR SPECIES OF FRESHWATER FISH

The toxic effects of Zn2+ on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthyps molitrix C. et V.), Big Head Carp (Aristrichthys nobilis Richardson). Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon ilellus C. et V.), and Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama aimbly-cephala Yih) are studied. The test results are: (1) There are linear correlations between 24h LC50 and 48h LC50 of Zn + for Silver Carp fingerling and tempera -ture . 24h LC50, 48h LC50 and 96h LC50 of Zn2+ for fry of the four species are also determined; (2) There are logarithmic correlations between the growth rates of the fry and the concentrations of Zn2+ and between expansion of fish egg membranes after absorbing water and concentrations of Zn2 + ; (3) The tolerance of fry of the four species to Zn + is in the following order: Grass Carp>Silver Carp > Blunt Snout Bream>Big Head Carp; (4) The safe concentrations of Zn2+ are: Big Head Carp : 0.008 mg/ L, Grass Carp : 0.046 mg/ L , Blunt Snout Bream: 0,010 mg/ L , Silver Carp : 0.012 mg/ L , Silver Carp fingerling: 0.09 mg/ L .     

Ca2+、Mg2+及盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内代谢酶的影响

为探讨Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内代谢酶的相对独立作用和相互影响,进而为提高凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力提供理论依据,本实验采取L49(78)安排7水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,L8(27)安排2水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,开展60 d凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖试验,通过比较对虾体内消化酶、ATP酶及免疫类酶的活性以分析Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力的影响。结果表明:水体中Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对消化酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中与对虾消化吸收联系最紧密的蛋白酶中,盐度对胃蛋白酶影响显著,盐度为10时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对类胰蛋白酶影响显著,Ca2+为200 mg/L,盐度为20时,酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ATP酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中对Na+-K+-ATP酶都有显著影响,Ca2+为300 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Ca2+、Mg2+对Mg2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+对Ca2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200、300 mg/L时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内免疫酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ACP都有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,Mg2+为150 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Mg2+对AKP具有显著影响,在150 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对SOD酶活具有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,盐度为35时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度间的交互作用对体内代谢酶也有一定影响。     

TOXIC EFFECTS OF Zn~(2+), Cu~(2+), Cd~(2+)and NH_3 ON CfflNESE PRAWN

This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>NH3-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order gill > shell + appendage>viscera > muscle..     

STUDIES ON THE INGESTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, CHINESE PRAWN AND GIANT TIGER PRAWN

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｇｉａｎｔｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ) ,Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｈｒｉｍｐ (Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)ａｎｄｇｉａｎｔｔｉｇｅｒｐｒａｗｎ (Ｐ .ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ)ａｒｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｈｒｉｍｐｓｆｏｒｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ａｓｗｅｋｎｏｗ ,ｆｅｅｄｓｔｕｆｆｃｏｓｔｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｉｔｅｍｉｎｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ.Ｏｖｅｒｆｅｅｄｉｎｇｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｗａｓｔｅｆｅｅ…     

The Influences of Mg^2 ,Ca^2 ,and Mg^2 /Ca^2 Ratio in Mixed Seawater on the Emergence Rate of Penaeus Japonicus Postlarva

This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg^2 ,Ca^2 and their ratio Mg^2 /Ca^2 in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae,The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450mg/L,360-440mg/L and 2.8-3.4,respectively,the proper salinity range of mixed seawater is 22.1-33.9 obtained by mixing estuarine water and concentrated seawater.     

HYDROCHEMICAL STATE OF INTERMEDIATE CULTURE POND FOR CHINESE PRAWN JUVENILES

This study deals with the hydrochemical state and management measures for the intermediate culturepond for Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis) juveniles. The test result showed that the intermediate cultureof Chinese prawn juvenile can be advanced to around March 20 in the Shanghai area if they are culturedin ponds in simple greenhouses of plastic knitting cloth.The density of juveniles introduced was about35 million per hectare, survival was up to 55%.     

海水的酸碱性

美丽而富饶的大海,不仅蕴藏着丰富的矿藏,溶有大量的多种盐类,而且生活着无数种类繁多的海洋生物。这些海洋生物以海洋为栖息之地,海水则供给它们赖以生长的必需营养;微碱性的海水有着较为稳定的pH变化范围,又给它们的生长繁殖提供了一个极为舒适的生活环境。     

海水的氧化还原电位

天然海水中含有O、C、N、S、Mn、Fe、Cr、I和H等元素的不同价态的单质,离子和化合物。这些变价元素在海洋中都可能存有与其几种不同价态相应的氧化还原反应。