Long-term effects of di-octyl phthalate on the expression of immune-related genes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tegillarca granosa</Emphasis>

Di-octyl phthalate (DOP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the plastics industry. As a result, DOP is often found in marine water ecosystems where many species are exposed to it. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of long-term (14 d) DOP exposure (2.6, 7.8, or 31.2 mg/L) on the expression of immunerelated genes in Tegillarca granosa. The expression of small heat shock protein (sHSPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) were highest in clams exposed to 31.2 mg/L DOP on days 7 and 14. The relative expression of Tg-ferritin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and metallothionein (MT) increased initially then decreased as the concentration of DOP increased. The hemoglobin of T. granosa (Tg-HbI) exhibited two distinct expression patterns at two time points. Our results suggest that the immune response of T. granosa against DOP pollution varies depending on the dose. Additionally, we identified some immune-related genes that are promising candidates for biomarkers of DOP.     

川西山区自然边坡土壤种子库随海拔梯度的变化

明确土壤种子库在海拔梯度上的变化规律,可为人工边坡的拟自然恢复提供参考。本文选取川西高山亚高山区为研究对象,通过野外样方调查和室内种子库萌发实验,研究了该区域自然边坡的土壤种子库组成、土壤种子库与植被群落关系及其随海拔梯度的变化。结果发现:(1)不同海拔区域自然边坡土壤种子库的物种组成与物种多样性有较大差异。随着海拔的上升,土壤种子库中一年生草本植物的物种占比逐渐降低,多年生草本植物则逐渐增加。种子库的物种多样性则随着海拔上升呈先增加后下降的变化规律。(2)海拔及坡位都对土壤种子库的密度有一定影响。低海拔地区土壤种子库的平均种子密度一般高于高海拔地区。同一边坡下坡位土壤种子库的种子密度高于中、上坡位。(3)区域内自然边坡土壤种子库和植被群落物种组成的相似程度不高,且随着海拔的升高,相似系数逐渐降低。研究表明,海拔是影响土壤种子库物种组成及密度的重要因素,该区域边坡的生态恢复需根据海拔梯度选择适宜物种人工构建种子库。     

地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对镉胁迫下泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的抗氧化酶活性和免疫相关基因表达的影响

本文研究一株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对提高泥蚶耐受镉(Cd2+)胁迫的作用,实验分析了不同浓度地衣芽孢杆菌对Cd2+胁迫下泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的存活率及组织中Cd残留量的影响;同时比较了地衣芽孢杆菌作用前后,泥蚶体内两类抗氧化酶,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,进一步通过Real-time PCR分析了三类免疫相关基因金属硫蛋白(MT)、小热休克蛋白分子(sHSP)和铁蛋白(ferritin)的表达情况。研究结果显示,地衣芽孢杆菌能降低泥蚶组织中Cd残留量,提高其存活率。并能有效促进泥蚶体内SOD和GSH-Px酶活性的增加,同时降低MT、sHSP和ferritin在mRNA水平上的表达。数据表明该地衣芽胞杆菌可通过调节泥蚶的免疫系统,起到降低Cd2+对泥蚶毒害的作用。