An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and off-shore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, em-bedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of sig-nificant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.     

Sediment Transport in Rivers and Coastal Waters

Following Bagnold's approach, a relationship between sediment transport and energy dissipation is developed. The major assumption made in the study is that the near bed velocity plays a dominant role in the process of sediment transport. A general relationship between energy dissipation and sediment transport is first proposed. Then the equations for total sediment transport are derived by introducing the appropriate expression of energy dissipation rate under different conditions, such as open channel flows, combination of wave and current, as well as longshore sediment transport. Within the flows investigated, the derived relationships are fairly consistent with the available data over a wide range of conditions.     

Dynmnic Response Analysis for Embedded Large-Cylinder Breakwaters Under Wave Excitation

A numerical model is developed for dynamic analysis of large-cylinder breakwaters embedded in soft soil. In the model, the large cylinder is taken as a rigid body divided into elements and the soft soil is replaced by discrete 3D nonlinear spring-dashpot systems. The numerical model is used to simulate the dynamic response of a large-cylinder breakwater to breaking wave excitation. The effects of the dynamic stress-strain relationship models of the soil, the radius and embedded depth of the cylinder, the nonlinear behaviors of the soil, and the limit strength condition of the soil on the dynamic responses of the large-cylinder structure are investigated with an example given. It is indicated that the above-mentioned factors have significant effects on the dynamic responses of an embedded large cylinder breakwater under breaking wave excitation.     

乐清湾近期海岸演变研究

乐清湾是一个与东海相通的半封闭型强潮海湾。通过对1934,1968和1992年的海图对比研究表明:近期乐清湾各等深线所围水域面积持续减小。后一阶段,围垦使岸线推进速度加快,滩涂面积由前一阶段的不断增加转变为不断减小。1934到1968年,西南部最大潮滩华岐潮滩岸线和零米线平均外推速率分别为4.88m/a和13.24m/a;1968到1992年平均淤进速率分别为6.17m/a和8.08m/a。实地采样分析表明:表层水样平均悬沙浓度为0.1043kg/m3,从湾顶向湾口呈不断增加的趋势。悬沙浓度虽较低,但湾内处于低能动力沉积环境,有利于细颗粒沉积物落淤,这是湾内地貌演变的要因。长江入海南移和陆架区再悬浮的细颗粒物质是乐清湾主要的泥沙来源。泥沙自然淤积和人类活动影响是近期乐清湾大部分岸线处于淤进状态的原因。漩门二期工程前后乐清湾的纳潮量减小了5.73%,落潮流相对携沙能力降低为工程前的79%。而根据实测落潮平均流速计算得围垦后落潮流的相对携沙能力减弱为原来的54%。而从1934年到漩门二期围垦工程后,纳潮量减小了22.57%。开辟盐田和围垦造陆工程等人类活动,对海岸演变的影响显著。     

高海拔宇宙线观测站LHAASO概况

宇宙线发现百年以来,宇宙线起源仍然是一个谜.研究宇宙线起源主要在甚高能(VHE)伽马射线天文学和宇宙线物理学两个领域交叉展开.新一代高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)拥有高海拔、全天候和大规模优势,利用多种探测手段对宇宙线开展联合观测,大幅提升对伽马射线和宇宙线的鉴别能力. LHAASO将开展全天区伽马源扫描搜索以大量发现新伽马源,将获得30 TeV以上伽马射线探测的最高灵敏度,将在宽达5个数量级的能量范围内精确测量宇宙线分成份能谱,为揭开宇宙线起源谜团给出重要判据.系统介绍了LHAASO的探测器结构、性能优势和科学目标.     

不同煤级煤对H2S气体的吸附差异及吸附模型

为了研究不同煤级煤对H₂S气体的吸附差异及吸附模型,采集新疆气煤,山西潞安瘦煤、晋城无烟煤3个煤样进行了工业分析、煤岩分析和平衡水条件下的等温吸附实验。采用Langmuir,BET,D-R和D-A吸附模型,利用拟合软件对等温吸附实验数据进行了非线性回归拟合,并检验拟合程度。结果表明:煤对H₂S的吸附量随着煤化程度的加深而增加,为第Ⅰ类等温吸附线;其中Langmuir模型的拟合效果最好,n=1的D-A模型的拟合效果次之,BET模型的拟合效果较差,模型对实验数据的拟合效果与吸附模型中参数个数无明显关系;煤吸附H₂S可用单分子层吸附理论来解释。      

高等级海况条件下移动式海上基地动力响应分析

针对半潜式超大型浮式结构中典型的移动式海上基地(Mobile Offshore Base,MOB)在高等级海况下的动力响应问题展开研究。在MOB结构"刚性模块-柔性连接构件(Rigid Modules and Flexible Connectors,RMFC)"模型的前提下,根据动力学基本原理,经理论推导并计算得到MOB分别在6、7、8级海况的随机波激励下,其上各模块的动力响应位移结果。详细分析了MOB结构同一模块在不同海况条件下的动力响应位移随浪向角及连接构件刚度的变化规律。研究成果可为半潜式超大型浮式结构动力响应研究及结构优化设计提供一定的技术支撑。     

GYROMAT-3000型高精度陀螺仪定向精度探讨

介绍G-3000型高精度陀螺仪的工作原理,阐述大地方位角与真北方位角之间的关系,对利用已知边坐标方位角换算的真北方位角与G-3000型高精度陀螺仪测定的真北方位角进行比对,进而探讨其定向精度。     

南京雨花台组植物化石的发现

1981年3月江苏省地矿局区域地质调查队调查了位于南京南郊石子岗以东250米出露的雨花台组砂砾层剖面,在其中的粉砂岩、泥岩透镜体中首次发现了植物化石。次年春,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所又在同地点同层位采得一些植物化石。     

基于栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法

文章提出了一种基于GIS空间插值和栅格图叠合技术,分析生成沉积物底质图的方法,并以曹妃甸海区为例,以170个海底表层沉积物样的粒度分析结果为依据,应用本文设计的方法生成这一海区的底质分布图,并用预留的20个采样点进行了精度分析和检验,在此基础上比较了不同的空间插值方法对生成的底质图结果的影响.结果显示出这一方法成图速度快、自动化程度高,但也存在对原始数据精度要求高、插值方法带来误差等问题.在借鉴传统底质图生成方法的基础上,运用三维TIN模型对成图结果进行改进,最终形成一种结合地貌要素的栅格叠合的沉积物底质图生成方法.