青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔光合生理特点研究

研究了青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell）J.Ag.色素组成及含量、光合放氧及呼吸耗氧速率、P／R（净光合放氧速率／净呼吸耗氧速率）、抗氰呼吸等各项生理指标。结果表明，该海域漂浮浒苔的各项生理指标都在正常范围内，且有抗氰呼吸的存在，生长状况良好。     

大竹蛏(Solen grandis)不同地理群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析

应用AFLP分子标记技术对我国沿海大竹蛏(Solen grandis)群体的遗传多样性进行了分析,利用筛选出的7对AFLP引物,对丹东、烟台、莱州、日照和南通5个地理群体的141只大竹蛏个体进行了扩增,共得到了403个位点,片段大小在100—700bp之间。其中丹东、烟台、莱州、南通4个群体的大竹蛏遗传多样性水平接近,日照群体的多态位点比例高于其它4个群体,结合Shannon’s信息指数(I)和Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)看,日照群体的遗传多样性水平最高,而南通群体的遗传多样性水平最低。AMOVA分析得到群体间遗传分化系数Φst=0.2250(P<0.001),群体间的变异百分率为22.5%,群体内为77.5%,说明群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间的遗传差异,但群体间也存在一定程度的基因渗透。     

大竹蛏(Solen grandis)cDNA文库中微卫星标记的筛选

利用微卫星查找软件SSRIT对大竹蛏cDNA文库(2038条EST)中2—6个碱基重复单元组成的简单序列重复进行了筛选。最少重复次数设定为5次,共发现包含微卫星位点的EST96条,占整个EST数据库的4.71%;共发现微卫星位点103个,其中含双碱基重复序列77个,数量最多,占总数的74.76%;三、四碱基重复序列分别占微卫星序列总数的22.33%、2.91%,没有发现五或六碱基的重复。对含有SSR位点符合微卫星引物设计的EST序列,利用在线引物设计软件Primer3设计合成引物14对,以南通野生群体为模板PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳发现,其中5对有多态性位点。在5个微卫星位点上,等位基因的数目从2—7个不等,观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.067—1.000和0.066—0.775,香农指数在0.146—1.545之间。结果表明,所筛选的微卫星标记可用于遗传分析。     

Genetic diversity of populations and clones of Rhopilema esculentum in China based on AFLP analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLP) markers were developed to assess the genetic variation of populations and clones of Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye(Scyphozoa,Rhizostomatidae).One hundred and seventy-nine loci from 56 individuals of two hatchery populations and two wild populations were genotyped with five primer combinations.The polymorphic ratio,Shannon’s diversity index and average heterozygosity were 70.3%,0.346 and 0.228 for the white hatchery population,74.3%,0.313,and 0.201 for the red hatchery population,79.3%,0.349,and 0.224 for the Jiangsu wild population,and 74.9%,0.328 and 0.210 for the Penglai wild population,respectively.Thus,all populations had a relatively high level of genetic diversity.A specific band was identified that could separate the white from the red hatchery population.There was 84.85% genetic differentiation within populations.Individual cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA) suggested that hatchery populations and wild populations could be divided.For the hatchery populations,the white and red populations clustered separately;however,for the wild populations,Penglai and Jiangsu populations clustered together.The genetic diversity at the clone level was also determined.Our data suggest that there are relatively high genetic diversities within populations but low genetic differentiation between populations,which may be related to the long-term use of germplasm resources from Jiangsu Province for artificial seeding and releasing.These findings will benefit the artificial seeding and conservation of the germplasm resources.     

条斑紫菜叶状体不同区域光合活性的研究

以幼嫩条斑紫菜（eorphyra yezoensisUeda）为材料,研究了叶状体基部到梢部组织的固碳率和光合活性的变化。结果表明：（1）基部到梢部不同区域组织的固碳率不同,基部区域组织固碳率明显低于其他区域,靠近梢部区域的固碳率最高;（2）基部到梢部不同区域的光合活性和叶绿素水平也不一样,基部和梢部组织的光合活性偏低...     

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platichthys stellatus</Emphasis>

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profile of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profile between larvae and live food to clarify starry flounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased significantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased significantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry flounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profile were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the first limiting AA. These results may help develop starry flounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artificial compound feed.     

Effect of carbon source on growth and lipid accumulation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella sorokiniana</Emphasis> GXNN01

Heterotrophic culture of microalgae to develop methods of increasing biomass productivity and storage lipids has brought new insight to commercial biodiesel production. To understand the relationship between heterotrophy and lipid production, the effects of carbon sources on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sorokiniana GXNN01 was studied. The alga exhibited an increased growth rate in response to the addition of carbon sources, which reached the stationary phase after 48 h at 30°C. In addition, glucose and NaAc had a significant effect on the lipid accumulation during the early-stationary phase. Specifically, the lipid content was 0.237±0.026 g g⁻¹ cell dry weight and 0.272±0.041 g L⁻¹ when glucose was used as the carbon source, whereas the lipid content reached 0.287±0.018 g g⁻¹ cell dry weight and 0.288±0.008 g L⁻¹ when NaAc was used as the carbon source. The neutral lipid content was found to first decrease and then increase over time during the growth phase. A glucose concentration of 20 mmol L⁻¹ gave the maximal lipid yield and the optimum harvest time was the early-stationary phase.     

红树林混合发酵产氢菌群中梭菌属Fe-氢酶基因(hydA)的克隆及序列分析

采用间歇产气试验方法对红树林淤泥中的混合菌群进行产氢菌群富集,并对混合产氢菌群发酵产氢过程中发酵液的pH值和氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化进行分析.此外,在产氢速率最高时段,发酵液中菌群经过常规的基因组提取,分别采用通用的梭菌属Fe-氢酶基因和16S rRNA基因引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析.结果发现产氢菌群中至少有6种,而Fe-氢酶基因只含有一种.将Fe-氢酶基因的扩增片段切胶纯化之后,经PCR重新扩增、纯化,克隆测序.NCBI序列比对结果表明,该片段序列与产气荚膜梭菌Fe-氢酶基因的序列相似性达99%.根据已知产气英膜梭菌Fe-氢酶基因序列设计引物,经两轮PCR扩增获得Fe-氢酶基因全序列.混合菌群中Fe-氢酶基因GenBank数据库的登录号为EU590683.此外,采用Bioedit和Mega2软件构建了Fe-氢酶的NJ系统进化树,结果表明该Fe-氢酶基因与产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)聚为一类.推测的氨基酸序列与产气英膜梭菌的相应序列相似性达97%-99%.PfamHMM结构域查找结果发现,此氢酶含有五个结构域,分别为1个2Fe-2S铁硫簇结合区域、2个4Fe-4S结合区域、Fe-氢酶大亚基和Fe-氢酶小亚基.