Nautilus矿业公司SMS勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底大块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣。近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱代表的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采。文中介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩芯取样和专门开发的ROV岩芯钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis,a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper,resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom,while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element.To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method,typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method.In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner,the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current,the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed,which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation.This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

海底多金属硫化物开发动态与前景分析

介绍了澳大利亚鹦鹉螺矿业公司和海王星矿业公司在西南太平洋区域对海底块状多金属硫化物 ( SMS ) 的商业勘探活动和开采计划等活动的最新进展,并从海底多金属硫化物的金属品质、开发的技术可行性与经济性、深海采矿的环境保护与法律政策等方面对海底多金属硫化物开发的前景作了分析.     

Nautilus矿业公司在海底块状硫化物勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣.近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采.介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩心取样和专门开发的ROV岩心钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学分析

为解析拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学特征,于2012年4—11月采用跟踪监测和实地调查的方法,结合病原分离鉴定及病蟹的病理学观察,统计分析了浙江省温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的流行情况。结果表明,患病拟穴青蟹的肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃等组织病理显示有大量血卵涡鞭虫侵染,并能用PCR方法快速检出。温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病在每年5—11月均有发生,7—9月为集中发病时间,死亡高峰出现于8—9月之间,年份间(2010—2012)与发病率无相关性,而不同月份对病害的发生有极显著影响(P0.01)。不同发育阶段以脱壳期的发病率相对较高,发病蟹的规格主要以50g以下的幼蟹和250g以上的成蟹为主。拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的发生与水温(r=0.756)和盐度(r=0.631)变化关系较密切,夏、秋季节受梅雨、台风影响而引起水温和盐度的剧烈变化可能是暴发血卵涡鞭虫病的诱发因素。     

大黄鱼溃疡病的组织病理和超微病理研究

利用组织切片及超薄切片电镜技术对患溃疡病大黄鱼的骨骼肌、鳃、肝、肾、脾、肠6种组织进行病理学分析,探讨溃疡病的发生机理.组织病理显示,溃疡病的病变性质为变质性炎症,主要表现为骨骼肌肌丝断裂,炎性浸润;鳃丝肿胀,鳃小片溶融,细胞变性坏死;肝实质细胞空泡化,结缔组织异常;肾脏弥散性出血,肾小管上皮细胞异常;脾脏和肠也产生炎性症状.超微病理显示,骨骼肌肌丝排列紊乱,肌丝碎裂,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂;肝脏组织及细胞内大量脂肪积聚表现明显的脂肪变性,肝内细胞大量坏死并溶融,核肿胀破裂溶解,胞内线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂;肾脏组织细胞发生形变,胞核异常;脾内细胞可见明显的纤维化;肠壁黏膜细胞结构破坏或消解,肠壁结构严重破坏.结果表明,大黄鱼溃疡病的组织细胞结构发生了明显的病理变化,全身性组织严重损害,肝、脾、肾等重要器官功能衰竭,丧失正常的生理代谢作用;病鱼的摄食能力也逐渐减退或丧失,终至死亡.最后提出一些防治大黄鱼溃疡病的建议.     

An integrated dynamic model of ocean mining system and fast simulation of its longitudinal reciprocating motion

An integrated dynamic model of China’s deep ocean mining system is developed and the fast simulation analysis of its longitudinal reciprocating motion operation processes is achieved. The seafloor tracked miner is built as a three-dimensional single-body model with six-degree-of-freedom. The track-terrain interaction is modeled by partitioning the track-terrain interface into a certain number of mesh elements with three mutually perpendicular forces, including the normal force, the longitudinal shear force and the lateral shear force, acting on the center point of each mesh element. The hydrodynamic force of the miner is considered and applied. By considering the operational safety and collection efficiency, two new mining paths for the miner on the seafloor are proposed, which can be simulated with the established single-body dynamic model of the miner. The pipeline subsystem is built as a three-dimensional multi-body discrete element model, which is divided into rigid elements linked by flexible connectors. The flexible connector without mass is represented by six spring-damper elements. The external hydrodynamic forces of the ocean current from the longitudinal and lateral directions are both considered and modeled based on the Morison formula and applied to the mass center of each corresponding discrete rigid element. The mining ship is simplified and represented by a general kinematic point, whose heave motion induced by the ocean waves and the longitudinal and lateral towing motions are considered and applied. By integrating the single-body dynamic model of the miner and the multi-body discrete element dynamic model of the pipeline, and defining the kinematic equations of the mining ship, the integrated dynamic model of the total deep ocean mining system is formed. The longitudinal reciprocating motion operation modes of the total mining system, which combine the active straight-line and turning motions of the miner and the ship, and the passive towed motions of the pipeline, are proposed and simulated with the developed 3D dynamic model. Some critical simulation results are obtained and analyzed, such as the motion trajectories of key subsystems, the velocities of the buoyancy modules and the interaction forces between subsystems, which in a way can provide important theoretical basis and useful technical reference for the practical deep ocean mining system analysis, operation and control.     

地下管线综合图图数管理系统

一、引言 地下管线综合图是地下管线普查的综合成果，利用计算机辅助设计技术进行综合图的编制工作是改变传统地图生产技术的一种尝试。我队自去年开始以来，至今已完成了宁波市区820余幅1：500地下管线综合图的编绘，并已陆续交付印刷厂家出版，提供社会使用。     

Dynamic Analysis of the Seafloor Pilot Miner Based on Single-Body Vehicle Model and Discretized Track-Terrain Interaction Model

In order to achieve the complex dynamic analysis of the self-propelled seafloor pilot miner moving on the seafloor of extremely cohesive soft soil and further to make it possible to integrate the miner system with some subsystems to form the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system and perform dynamic analysis, a new method for the dynamic modeling and analysis of the miner is proposed and developed in this paper, resulting in a simplified 3D single-body vehicle model with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom, while the track-terrain interaction model is built by partitioning the track-terrain interface into discrete elements with parameterized force elements built on the theory of terramechanics acting on each discrete element. To evaluate and verify the correctness and effectiveness of this new modeling and analysis method, typical comparative studies with regard to computational efficiency and solution accuracy are carried out between the traditional modeling method of building the tracked vehicle as a multi-body model and the new modeling method. In full consideration of the particular structure design of the pilot miner, the special characteristics of the seafloor soil and the hydrodynamic force of near-seafloor current, the dynamic simulation analysis of the miner is performed and discussed, which can provide useful guidance and reference for the practical miner system in design and operation. This new method can not only realize the rapid dynamic simulation analysis of the miner but also make possible the integration and rapid dynamic analysis of the complete integrated deep ocean mining pilot system in further researches.     

非均匀激发介质中螺旋波的演化

采用简单的离散可激发介质模型研究了不同性质和形状的小异质性颗粒对螺旋波演化的影响,在小异质性颗粒均匀分布的情况下,螺旋波的失稳与小异质性颗粒的形状、分布密度和性质有关.数值研究结果表明:在适当的条件下,可以观察到稳定螺旋波发生漫游和螺旋波漂移出系统边界现象,首次观察到螺旋波破碎成空间无序的周期变化斑图和破碎成时空有序的迷宫斑图现象,简要讨论了产生这些现象的物理机理.