两个龙须菜新品系经济性状及琼胶特性的初步研究

2008年2～5月在广东省南澳县深澳海区对选育的龙须菜新品系07-1,07-2和对照组福建宁德栽培的981品系进行海上栽培比较试验,测定了3个品系的藻体日平均生长速率,试验了敌害生物(藻钩虾和团水虱)对3个品系的影响,比较了琼胶特性.结果显示,在水温11～20 ℃,盐度32.4～32.8的条件下,品系07-1,07-2的藻体日平均生长速率分别为3.8%/d和4.1%/d,宁德栽培品系的藻体日平均生长速率为3.2%/d.品系07-1,07-2的生长适应水温下限为16 ℃,比宁德栽培品系降低了2 ℃.与宁德栽培的981品系相比较,选育的龙须菜品系07-1,07-2对藻钩虾和团水虱有较强的耐受能力.品系07-1,07-2的琼胶含量比福建宁德栽培的981品系分别提高10.0%和14.4%,凝胶强度也分别提高了5.46%和14.5%,表明2个新品系具有潜在的推广应用价值.     

曹妃甸地区潮间带演变的遥感监测

选用美国Landsat系列卫星、中巴卫星CBERS及中国HJ-1卫星1981-2011年7个时相的遥感数据及潮汐潮位资料,应用"相同潮位对比法",分析研究了曹妃甸地区潮间带的空间分布特征和潮滩动态演变趋势。结果表明:近三十年来,受潮滩围垦、填海造陆等人类活动的影响,潮间带形态发生了很大变化,潮间带上边界逐渐向海推进,最大推进距离达3 km左右,使得上部潮滩面积不断减少;同时,受输沙量减少、风浪冲刷、沉降作用及海平面上升等因素的综合影响,潮滩下部整体上处于侵蚀状态,西部滩面侵蚀较轻,东部滩面侵蚀较严重。另外,在该区大规模开发建设期间,潮滩的平衡状态被破坏,部分岸段出现了潮滩暂时淤高的现象。     

Heat injury risk assessment for single-cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under climate change

Under global warming, the risk of heat injury for crops increases, which leads to increasing instability in agricultural production. In this study, based on phenological observation data and yield data during 1981-2011 and daily meteorological data during 1961-2011 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR), the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice in this area and its response to climate change were assessed and analyzed. The risk was decomposed into such elements as hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity, in accordance with natural disaster risk assessment theory and the formation mechanisms of agrometeorological disasters.First, a hazard assessment model was established to identify spatiotemporal variations of the heat injury in the MLRYR during 1961-2011, and the relationship between heat injury hazard and air temperature was analyzed to identify the response of hazard to climate change. It was found that the heat injury hazard of single-cropping rice was positively correlated with the mean and maximum temperatures during the rice heading period of 20 days, with the hazard increasing sharply when the mean temperature exceeded 26.5°C and the maximum temperature exceeded 31°C. Then, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity were also quantitatively examined. The results show that vulnerability and hazard were the two most important factors in the heat injury risk assessment for single-cropping rice at most stations in the MLRYR.The risk assessment considering only the first three natural elements produced high-risk values (> 0.46) mainly in the northeast of the study area. By adding the regional capability in disaster prevention/mitigation into account, the risk assessment produced high-risk values in a much smaller area in the northeast but some-what larger areas in the southwest of the study domain. In general, the risk of heat injury differed greatly within the MLRYR. Particular rice varieties should be adopted for specific regions, according to the local risk features quantified by this study. Under the warming climate, the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice is likely to continue to increase.