北部湾大头白姑鱼生长特性及群体组成

利用2006年7月~2007年12月北部湾商业捕捞底拖网和流刺网渔获物中采集的样本,通过矢耳石研磨和生长轮观察,初步研究了北部湾大头白姑鱼的年龄与生长特性,并对其渔业生物学特征进行了分析。结果表明,北部湾大头白姑鱼优势体长145~185 mm,占69.7%;优势体重为80~200 g,占69.2%;年龄组成为当龄鱼~Ⅵ龄鱼,以Ⅰ龄鱼与Ⅱ龄与为主,分别占24.60%和50.96%;样本的雌雄性比为1.05∶1,繁殖期性比为1.13∶1。利用最大似然法估计von Bertalanffy、Logistic和Gompertz生长方程的生长参数,ARSS检验表明雌雄生长差异不显著,AIC和BIC检验得出von Bertalanffy生长方程为最适生长模型。主要参数分别为:L∞=229.95 mm,K=0.408,t0=-0.962;体重的生长拐点为1.753龄。     

拖网配纲形状合理性检验

为正确分析和改进设计网具,采用悬链线与拖网配纲形状比较的方法,引伸配纲形变系数对设计网配纲进行合理性检验,并对有关计算方法进行推导和论证。     

茂名大放鸡海域文昌鱼、蛇尾分布及其与底质粒度特征的关系

为给茂名市建设文昌鱼省级自然保护区提供基础资料,根据2003年8月～2004年5月间对茂名大放鸡海域的调查结果,对文昌鱼和蛇尾的分布特性进行了研究.结果表明:文昌鱼和蛇尾均呈集群分布,在空间分布上表现为正相关关系,不存在强烈的竞争关系.文昌鱼主要分布在中值粒径MdΦ为0.4～2.2之间砂质中.在0.5≤MdΦ＜1.5范围内,文昌鱼分布密度相对地高,而在MdΦ＜0.5或MdΦ≥1.5范围内,文昌鱼分布密度相对较低.粒径0.36～0.78 mm组分＜50%时,文昌鱼分布密度≤50 ind/m2;粒径0.36～0.78 mm组分≥50%时,文昌鱼分布密度＞100 ind/m2.蛇尾分布在中值粒径MdΦ为0.2～0.8之间砂质中.粒径 0.36～0.78 mm组分占10%～50%时,蛇尾分布密度较低,而粒径0.36～0.78 mm组分占60%～80%时,蛇尾分布密度较高.     

茂名放鸡岛海域浮游植物与赤潮生物研究

2003年8月、12月,2004年2月、5月对茂名放鸡岛海域进行了浮游生物调查,分析了浮游植物物种组成、优势种及其细胞丰度分布和物种多样性.共鉴定出浮游植物36属57种(硅藻46种,甲藻11种),其中赤潮类生物22种.角毛藻属以及丹麦细柱藻、脆根管藻和尖刺伪菱形藻为全年主要优势种,在早春季节冰河拟星杆藻成为季节性优势种,5月份和8月份角毛藻属以及尖刺伪菱形藻和丹麦细柱藻的细胞丰度在放鸡岛周边局部水域超过107 m-3.放鸡岛海域浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度偏低,在合适的条件下,有可能形成硅藻赤潮.     

Using otolith weight to predict the age of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennahia macrocephalus</Emphasis> in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf

The relation between otolith weight (OW) and the age of marine fish is studied. A total of 222 individuals of bighead white croaker, Pennahia macrocephalus were sampled seasonally in the mouth of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, in 2007. Since there are no significant differences in sagittal OW between otolith in pairs (P≥0.05), the undamaged left sagittal otolith is used for age determination. The highest correlations among standard length, OW and fish ages are confirmed by linear, exponential and multinomial regression. Results show that sagittal OW overlaps only occasionally among age groups, and to individuals with similar standard length, the older and slower-growing fish has a heavier otolith because of the continued otolith material deposition. There are differences in sagittal OW among different age groups and significant positive linear relationship with age (P<0.05). The age readings can be verified by plotting the sagittal OW versus the standard length for age groups, and the individuals with similar standard length but in different ages can be separated by sagittal OW frequency analysis. Mostly, the predicted ages using the regression between sagittal OW and ages are closed to the observed ages by counting annulus on scale. It indicates that the sagittal OW analysis is a useful technique for validating the accuracy of age determination by annuli counts, especially for individuals of similar size. Furthermore, the technique is applied for Pennahia macrocephalus with discussion in this paper. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771653) and Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture     

北部湾金线鱼、深水金线鱼与日本金线鱼矢耳石形态识别的初步研究

采用2010年1～9月采自北部湾及邻近海域流刺网渔获的54尾金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus( Houttuyn,1782))、71尾深水金线鱼(Nemi pterus bath ybius Snyder,1911)和65尾日本金线鱼(Nemi pterus ja ponicus (Bloch,1791))耳石样本,进行了椭圆傅立叶分析.耳石轮廓经图像处理后进行灰阶转换和二值化处理,消除噪点,然后解析为椭圆傅立叶标码( EFDs).采用77个EFD系数进行主成分分析和判别分析来区分3种金线鱼的耳石.结果表明,日本金线鱼幼鱼和成鱼耳石在性成熟前后存在显著的体长效应(P＜0.05),金线鱼和深水金线鱼则体长效应不显著(P＞0.05).因此在耳石椭圆傅立叶分析中,日本金线鱼采用性成熟个体样本,金线鱼和深水金线鱼采用全部样本.主成分分析中,第1、第2和第3主成分,分别解释了总变异的65.1％,15.3％和5.3％,可以将3种金线鱼耳石区分开来.EFD系数的逐步判别分析中,3种鱼的平均正判率达98.6％;交互验证结果显示,3种鱼的平均正判率达97.9％,这表明耳石椭圆傅立叶分析可以作为鱼种识别的有效工具.     

手纲冲角近似值的计算方法

在假设手纲、空纲成直线状，浮纲、沉纲呈悬链线状的前提下，利用悬链线各因素与手纲冲角之间的相互制约关系，确立了计算单船底拖网作业手纲冲角近似值的逐步校正法。并推广应用于双船底拖网作业中的曳纲水平冲角、空纲的水平冲角、上袖端的内倾率、上片网衣在沉纲前上方的遮盖面积以及遮盖率等的近似值计算。     

广东徐闻西部沿岸海区"珊瑚类"的物种及其分布

广东省徐闻西部沿岸海区的珊瑚资源状况基本查清，发现分布的珊瑚共计2目17科49种．其中石珊瑚11科35种，软珊瑚6科14种．连片分布面积约5940hm^2，沿着海岸线呈南北走向的狭长带状分布．高出海底1．00m的高礁区分布在水尾角以北和大腰岭邻近沿岸的3．00～5．00m水深海域以及灯楼角以北水深3．00～6．00m沿岸海域．石珊瑚以木珊瑚科中盾形陀螺珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚科、滨珊瑚科分布最为普遍．柳珊瑚中以海底柏科赭色海底柏、黄叠叶柳珊瑚，鞭柳珊瑚科中以灯心柳珊瑚、鳞灯心柳珊瑚，类尖柳珊瑚科中的扁小尖柳珊瑚、紧绒柳珊瑚，软柳珊瑚科中的侧扁软柳珊瑚等的数量最多、分布最广，一般分布在石珊瑚的外围和较深水域。     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the double-winged otter board in the deep waters of the Mauritanian Sea

In this paper, we tested the hydrodynamic characteristics of a new, double-winged otter board that consists of a forewing, a leading edge slat and a trailing edge flap. Flume experiments were conducted in a circulating flume tank by using a model with an aspect ratio(AR) of 0.85 and a horizontal planform area( S) of 0.09 m~2. The results indicated that the critical angle( α_(cr)) of the model was 44°, whereas the maximum lift coefficient( C_(Lmax)) was up to 1.715, and the door efficiency( K) was 1.122. The attack angle( α) ranged from 30° to 48° and from 10° to 46° when the lift coefficient( C_L) and door efficiency( K) were greater than 1.2 and 1.0, respectively. To compare the difference between double-winged otter board and traditional Morgere Polyvalent Ovale, same model of Morgere Polyvalent Ovale was also tested under the same experimental conditions. The critical angle( α_(cr)) and maximum of lift coefficient( C_(Lmax)) of the doublewinged otter board were 37.5% and 14.6% larger than those of the Morgere Polyvalent Ovale. Therefore, we concluded that the novel, double-winged otter board was more suitable for bottom trawling fisheries in the deep water of the Mauretania Sea due to its better hydrodynamic characteristics and stability.     

拖网配纲形状合理性检验

为正确分析和改进设计网具,采用悬链线与拖网配纲形状比较的方法,引伸配纲形变系数对设计网配纲进行合理性检验。并对有关计算方法进行推导和论证。