Domestic and international arrivals of NOBOB (no ballast on board) vessels to lower Chesapeake Bay

In examining ship-mediated biological invasions, most research and treatment development has focused on ballast water. Another vector that has gained attention recently is vessels arriving in a "no ballast on board" (NOBOB) condition. Such ships retain relatively small, unpumpable volumes of water and sediment in their ballast tanks. Nonetheless, these unpumpable portions can represent great ecological risk. This scenario is relevant in the Great Lakes, which have experienced a dramatic series of introductions, despite most vessels arriving there as NOBOBs since 1994. We examined shipping patterns of NOBOBs arriving to lower Chesapeake Bay to begin evaluating their risk of biopollution. Only 14% of ships arrive as NOBOBs, and of those, 17% depart to another port in the upper bay. Most NOBOBs arrive from or leave for other US ports; proximate trans-Atlantic crossings are few. Given the nature of their operations, we conclude NOBOBs may represent a risk for aquatic nuisance species invasions to Chesapeake Bay.     

湘南中新生代玄武岩成因研究及构造环境分析

定量计算了湘南中新生代多种类型玄武岩的矿物－熔浆平衡条件和岩浆粘度、密度、上升速度等岩浆物理参数，识别出了三类原生玄武岩浆，橄榄拉斑武岩浆、白榴碧玄岩浆、碧玄岩浆、根据玄武岩的地质岩石学的地球化学特征，及岩浆起源条件，深部地质和地球物理等方面资料的综合分析，认为本区玄武岩是大陆岩石圈深部热扰动的产物。     

俯冲带岩浆与岩石的相互作用：关于俯冲板块,地幔,地壳的实验研究

通过对下四种环境中岩浆混染作用的实验研究：（１）俯冲板块之上；（２）地幔－陆壳边界界之下和（３）地幔－际壳边界之上；（４）浅部地壳内。用含Ｈ２Ｏ硅质熔体橄榄岩或角闪岩之间反应的一系列清楚的边界确定了；（１）混染熔体内的扩散断面和（２）二种物质之质的结晶反应带。由含Ｈ２Ｏ的橄榄岩－英云闪长岩－花岗岩混合物确定了一些相界，这些相界能区分从俯冲板块中产生的并经过地幔上升的熔体的混染程度和与橄榄岩（如堆积     

Andvord冰碛：一种新的内陆架沉积类型：南极半岛冰川海洋沉积体系

对沿南极半岛太平洋边缘的冰川海洋沉积作用进行的研究表明,目前该区域的入海冰川形成的沉积物很少。这与限制融水向峡湾入口输入的副极地气候至极地气候区域有关,但南设得兰群岛除外。与更温暖的阿拉斯加和智利峡湾相比,这里发现的沉积物很薄,多数峡湾的地震反射剖面支持了这种解释。然而,这种假说只是根据南极沿海地区零星的地震覆盖区得出的。因此,就象ＰａｌｍｅｒＤｅｅｐ地区的内陆架证实的那样,地震资料不能满足第四纪沉积物序列的分辨率。这里,我们提供了南极南Ｇｅｒｌａｃｈｅ海峡和Ａｎｄｖｏｒｄ海湾中进行的高分辨率地…     

滇西南云县三叠纪火山岩组合及系列的厘定及其构造意义

本文重新厘定了云县三叠纪火山岩的组合和系列,识别了4个层位中的酸性熔结凝灰岩,重新划分了火山喷发旋回和韵律。中三叠统忙怀组(T_2m)为富硅富铝高钾流纹质火山岩组合,该旋回由5个喷发韵律层组成;上三叠统小定西组(T_3x)为高钾玄武岩-钾玄岩-安粗岩及火山碎屑岩组合,该旋回由6个喷发韵律层组成。芒汇河组(T_3mh)为钾质粗面玄武岩-高钾流纹质火山岩组合,该旋回由6个喷发韵律层组成。T_2m火山岩属碰撞型弧火山岩,T_3x和T_3mh火山岩属钾玄岩系列火山岩,具有滞后型弧火山岩之属性。     

江西靖安东周墓出土玉器的玉质特征研究

为配合江西省文物考古研究所的出土文物研究,运用宝玉石学、岩石学和物理谱学的理论与资料,采用肉眼观察、宝石显微镜、红外吸收光谱（反射法）、激光拉曼光谱（散射法）、X射线衍射法和环境扫描电子显微镜等无损测试方法对江西靖安李洲坳东周墓的13件出土玉器样品进行了玉质特征鉴定。结果显示,有11件出土玉器样品为透闪石质软玉,2件出土玉器样品为粉砂岩类岩石。同时,还揭示了11件透闪石质软玉玉器的外观特征差异与其玉石成分和质地结构的关系。     

靖安古玉器的环境扫描电子显微镜表征

采用环境扫描电子显微镜（配置能谱仪）对3件靖安古玉器样品的表面微结构及微形貌特征、主要化学成分进行了观察与测试,结果表明,样品均为透闪石质软玉,其外观特征与结构有一定关系。样品G47具有亚透明这一罕见、不同于软玉的外观特征,其透闪石的质量分数最高,晶体较粗大,定向排列,为显微柱状变晶结构;样品G36具典型的油脂光泽、半透明外观特征,其透闪石晶体细小、紧密交织,为显微纤维交织变晶结构;样品G21中受沁较轻的灰白色部分的结构较疏松,有孔洞,其透闪石晶体呈细长纤维状,结晶程度低,为显微纤维一隐晶质变晶结构,受沁较严重的褐色部分则表现为显微粒状微形貌特征。     

Differences in language retention between males and females in the USSR, 1970

"Among certain ethnic groups in the USSR, males and females have different levels of retention of the native language. Male and female levels vary inside and outside the home territory depending on the general strength of the language, ethnic rights in the place of residence, and migrant versus non-migrant status. Additional distinctions correspond to cultural divisions, principally Moslem versus non-Moslem."     

Evaluation of mussel immune responses as indicators of contamination in San Francisco Bay

Several immune parameters were evaluated in two species of mussels (Mytilus californianus and M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus) as bioindicators of contaminant effects. The mussels were deployed in San Francisco Bay Estuary and a control site at Bodega Marine Laboratory. Assays for phagocytosis and phagocytic index (average number of particles engulfed per hemocyte) were conducted with hemocytes in their own hemolymph-the "Serum" method. The responses were compared with contaminant concentrations in those mussels. For both species, the contaminated South Bay Dumbarton Bridge and Redwood Creek sites had elevated phagocytosis relative to the Bodega control site, indicating contaminant stress. The results also showed that M. californianus had higher percentages of phagocytosis (74%) and a higher phagocytic index (4.6 particles per cell) than those of M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus (60% phagocytosis and 3.5 particles per cell). As there is a difference in immune response to contaminants, it is suggested that future San Francisco Estuary monitoring should be conducted with endemic M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus rather than with the currently utilized M. californianus, which is not found in the estuary.     

火山碎屑岩分类评述及火山沉积学研究展望

火山碎屑岩是介于熔岩和沉积岩之间的过渡类型岩石，岩类复杂。长期以来，火山碎屑岩的分类研究受到了国内外学者的重视，先后提出了火山碎屑物、火山碎屑岩岩性和火山碎屑岩成因分类。虽然目前国际地科联火成岩分类命名委员会确定的火山碎屑物和火碎屑岩岩性分类已得广泛推广，但此分类尚有不足之处。中国学者提出的火山碎屑岩分类时间较早，有自己特色，在一定的范围得到了应用。在此基础上，本文提出了新的火山碎屑物、火山碎屑岩岩性和火山碎屑岩成因分类。火山沉积作用是介于火山学和沉积学之间的边缘研究领域。近20年来，火山沉积作用研究在理论和方法上得到了深化，火山喷发和沉积的物理作用及实验和数值模拟已经成为未来发展的趋势。尽管这样，野外地质和火山碎屑岩的岩性特征，仍是火山碎屑岩成因研究的基础。