珠江口盆地惠州凹陷恩平组浅水辫状河三角洲沉积

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷恩平组广泛发育浅水湖泊,然而长期被认为是断陷湖盆的沉积充填模式。通过岩性组合、地球物理响应特征、古生物组合、地球化学指标、砂岩粒度特征等方面的综合分析,论证了在惠州凹陷恩平组沉积时期湖盆广阔平缓,湖泊淤浅,陆源供应充足,证实了在这种沉积背景下,发育浅水辫状河三角洲沉积体系。该体系具有三角洲平原、辫状河道极其发育,而河口坝等反旋回序列不发育等特征,该体系的提出揭示了研究区断拗转换期湖盆广、薄煤层发育、砂体分布广、沉降速率高、碎屑颗粒粗等沉积特色,与前人探讨的惠州凹陷恩平组的沉积面貌完全不同,为惠州凹陷古近系的勘探提供了新的理论和思路。     

沉积物理模拟技术进展及发展趋势

沉积物理模拟是沉积物物理过程的室内模拟。结合当前的研究进展,将沉积物理模拟技术的发展过程划分为4个阶段:以现象观察描述为主的初级阶段、以底形研究为主的迅速发展阶段、以研究砂体形成过程为主的湖盆砂体模拟阶段和以砂体半定量-定量化描述的模拟阶段。在对国内外几个重要的沉积模拟实验室简要介绍的基础上,按冲积扇、三角洲、扇三角洲、河道沉积等不同沉积相类型,总结了近年来开展的沉积物理模拟实验所取得的成果,指出定量化研究将是沉积物理模拟技术未来发展趋势。     

Molecular Records of Primary Producers and Sedimentary Environmental Conditions of Late Permian Rocks in Northeast Sichuan, China

A series of biomarkers were identified in the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the extracts from Late Permian Dalong (大隆) and Wujiaping (吴家坪) formations in Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Sichuan (四川), South China, on the basis of the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC). The dominance of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes throughout the profile suggests the dominant contribution of algae and bacteria to the organics preserved in the marine section. Wujiaping Formation is characterized by the elevated contribution from algae as well as other photoantotrophs such as photosynthetic bacteria as shown by the molecular ratios of hopanes to steranes or tricyclic terpanes as well as the ratio of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) to C17 and C18 n-alkanes. This is in accord with the data from the microscopic measurement on the calcareous algae. In contrast, Dalong Formation is featured by enhanced contribution from bacteria and probably terrestrial organics indicated by the enhanced C24 tetracyclic terpanes relative to tricyclic terpanes. The two formations also show a distinct discrimination in sedimentary environmental conditions including redox condition and salinity. The anoxic condition was only found in the middle of the Dalong Formation as shown by the ratios of Pr/Ph and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene, consistent with the reported data of Mo and U. An enhancedsalinity indicated by the homohopane index is observed at the shallow Wujiaping Formation. On the basis of the composition of primary productivity and the redox condition, Dalong Formation is proposed, herein, to be potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the study site. It is notable that the topmost end-Permian is characterized by a large perturbance in both the redox condition and salinity, with oxic conditions being frequently interrupted by short-term anoxia, likely showing a causal relationship with the episodic biotic crisis across the Permian-Triassic boundary.