Sediment Load of Asian Rivers flowing into the Oceans and their Regional Variation

Study of the major Asian rivers discharge to the ocean reveals variations of their water discharges and sediment loads.and local characteristics of river sediment concentrations.On the basis of this,the Asian rivers fall into three regions,including Eurasia Arctic,East Asia,Southeast and South Asia Regions.The Eurasia Arctic Region is characterized by the lowest sediment concentration and load,while the East Asia Region is of the highest sediment concentration and higher sediment load,and the South-East and South Asia Region yields Higher Sediment concentration and highest sediment load. The sediment loads of these regions are mainly controlled by climate,geomorphology and tectonic activity.The Eurasia Arctc rivers with large basin areas and water discharge,drain low relief which consists of tundra sediment,thus causing the lowest sediment load.The East Asia rivers with small basin areas and lowest water discharges,drain extensive loess plateau,and transport most erodible loess material,which results in highest sediment concentration.The SE and South Asia rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau have large basin areas and the largest water discharges because of the Summer Monsoon and high rainfall influence,causing the highest sediment load.In Asia,tectonic motion of the Tibet Plateau Plays an important role.Those large rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau trasport about 50% of the world river sediment load to ocean annually,forming large estuaries and deltas,and consequently exerting a great influence on sedimentation in the coastal zone and shelves.     

煤储层等温吸附实验过程中参数敏感性分析

容量法等温吸附实验是测定煤储层吸附性和含气性的常用手段。实验装置中的参考缸体积V₁、装有样品时的自由空间体积V₂和压力表对等温吸附实验有着直接的影响,但是这三者对实验影响的程度目前还没有系统的认识。为了理清实验过程中各参数的影响和提高等温吸附实验的测试精度,基于波义尔定律建立了煤储层容量法等温吸附实验稳定性和精确性分析的数学模型,利用Matlab软件对吸附实验过程进行了数值模拟。研究表明,吸附实验的稳定性和准确性受压力表、参考缸的体积V₁和样品缸装有样品时的自由空间体积V₂的控制,压力表测量精度越高,等温吸附实验的稳定性和精确性就越好;压力表精度一定时,V₁和V₂的体积较小且匹配组合满足一定的条件,吸附实验才能达到较好的稳定性和精确性。利用优化方法得到的结果对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘韩城地区中煤阶煤储层开展等温吸附对比实验,结果表明,经过优化组合的吸附实验测试结果稳定和精度都有所提高,吸附量的最大差值为1.45 cm3/g,远低于未经过优化的实验所测吸附量的差值5.27 cm3/g。