海湾水库蓄水初期的单次往复密度流

为了探讨海湾水库蓄水初期单次往复水平密度流的产生与效应,进行砂质斜坡沉积物与水体之间盐分交换的水槽实验。通过沉积物孔隙水与其上覆水的多剖面电导率动态监测,分析盐分的时空分布特征,并计算深水区、浅水区和中心区的边界层单位面积含盐总量。实验结果显示,进水在浅水区沉积物表面产生明显的渗入-溢出现象,浅水区沉积物孔隙水盐分浓度显著低于中心区与深水区同一高度的盐分浓度,深水区初始底边界层含盐量与初始边界层下边界盐分浓度均为最高;这表明进水过程在倾斜沉积物表面产生了前进密度流,水流携带的盐分在坡底累积。水槽进满水后深水区边界层含盐总量与边界层下边界盐分浓度快速降低,并且浅水区表层沉积物孔隙水与深水区同一深度水体之间的盐分快速达到平衡;这表明蓄水初期在两者之间形成了返回密度流,从浅水区表层沉积物冲刷出的盐分在密度流作用下再次进入沉积物。为避免再次进入沉积物的盐分在后期继续影响水库泛咸,建议在蓄水结束后尽快实施坡底咸水排除方案。     

Adaptation to a warming-drying trend through cropping system adjustment over three decades: A case study in the northern agro-pastural ecotone of China

Long-term field monitoring data and historical crop data are useful to assess the impacts of climate change and to manage cropping systems.The objectives of this study are to understand the cropping system response to a warming-drying trend in the northern agro-pastural ecotone(NAE)of China and to document how farmers can adapt to the warming-drying trend by changing cropping system structure and adjusting planting date.The results indicate that a significant warming-drying trend existed in the NAE from 1980 to 2009,and this trend significantly decreased crop(spring wheat,naked oat,and potato)yields.Furthermore,the yield decreased by 16.2%-28.4%with a 1℃increase in maximum temperature and decreased by 6.6%-11.8%with a 10%decrease in precipitation.Considering food security,water use efficiency,and water ecological adaptability in the semi-arid NAE,cropping system structure adjustment(e.g.,a shift from wheat to potato as the predominant crop)and planting date adaptation(e.g.,a delay in crop planting date)can offset the impact of the warming-drying trend in the NAE.Based on the successful offsetting of the impact of the warming-drying trend in the NAE,we conclude that farmers can reduce the negative effects of climate change and minimize the risk of crop failure by adapting their cropping system structure at the farming level.     

豫西南许窑沟金矿成因

对许窑沟金矿产出的地质背景，矿床特征，控矿因素及矿床成因等几方面作了系统的论述，提出了断裂，特别是韧性剪切带对成矿的主要控制作用；花岗岩与成矿有较大的时差，具有穿时，穿层的特点，它起着沟通深部与浅部的作用，并使深部的含Au流体沿断裂破碎带上升，沉淀而成矿。