液相色谱—原子荧光联用测定海水中无机砷和有机砷

本文研究并建立了海水中测定砷形态的液相色谱—原子荧光法,进行了实验参数流动相浓度、pH、流速的优化。在优化的实验条件下,采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱在6 min内可以完成三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷3种形态的分离、检测。在载流5%HCl,还原剂2%KBH4和0.5%KOH,进样量100μL条件下,三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷检出限分别为0.31μg/L、0.52μg/L和0.36μg/L。在浓度2～80μg/L范围内,3种砷形态均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均优于0.999。用本文所建立的方法进行了海水样品中无机砷和有机砷形态的测试,海水中三价砷、甲基砷的含量较低,五价砷稍高,说明海水中砷形态主要以五价砷存在,当加标量为5～10μg/L时,加标回收率在73%～104%之间。该方法操作前处理简单,灵敏度高、运行费用低廉,适用于海水中砷形态的测试。     

Temporal and spatial changes of temperature and precipitation in Hexi Corridor during 1955–2011

This study is focused on the northwestern part of Gansu Province, namely the Hexi Corridor. The aim is to address the question of whether any trend in the annual and monthly series of temperature and precipitation during the period 1955-2011 appears at the scale of this region. The temperature and precipitation variation and abrupt change were examined by means of linear regression, five-year moving average, non-parameter Mann-Kendall test, accumulated variance analysis and Pettitt test method. Conclusions provide evidence of warming and wetting across the Hexi Corridor. The mean annual temperature in Hexi Corridor increased significantly in recent 57 years, and the increasing rate was 0.27℃/10a. The abrupt change phenomenon of the annual temperature was detected mainly in 1986. The seasonal average temperature in this region exhibited an evident upward trend and the uptrend rate for the standard value of winter temperature indicated the largerst of four seasons. The annual precipitation in the Hexi Corridor area displayed an obviously increasing trend and the uptrend rate was 3.95 mm/10a. However, the annual precipitation in each basin of the Hexi Corridor area did not passed the significance test. The rainy season precipitation fluctuating as same as the annual one presented insignificant uptrend. No consistent abrupt change was detected in precipitation in this study area, but the rainy season precipitation abrupt change was mainly observed in 1968.     

Denitrification potential evaluation of a newly indigenous aerobic denitrifier isolated from largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides culture pond

This work evaluates the application potential of a new indigenous aerobic denitrifi er, strain Pseudomonas CW-2, isolated from a largemouth bass culture pond. The rate of ammonium-N removal by strain CW-2 was approximately 97% at a DO concentration of 5.2 mg/L. Furthermore, when nitrate and ammonia coexisted, the strain gave priority to assimilating ammonia, and thereafter to denitrifi cation. Under optimal cultivation conditions, citrate and acetate were the carbon resources, C/N was 8, dissolved oxygen was 5.2 mg/L, and pH was 7; the removal rate of ammonium reached nearly 90%. The changing patterns of different bacteria in strain CW-2-treated and the control pond water were also compared. Lower levels of ammonia, nitrite, and phosphates were observed in the treated water as compared with the controls. Meanwhile, phylum-level distributions of the bacterial OTUs revealed that P roteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and N itrospirae continuously changed their relative abundances in relation to carbon and the addition of strain CW-2; this finding implies that the conventional denitrifi cation process was weakened under the ef fects of carbon or the presence of strain CW-2. We propose that strain CW-2 is a promising organism for the removal of ammonium in intensive fish culture systems, according to our evaluations of its denitrifi cation performance.     

基于离散元法的节理岩体边坡稳定性分析

节理岩体边坡的稳定性在很大程度上取决于节理的强度及其分布形式。由于节理岩体边坡的失稳破坏具有大变形和非连续的特点,因此,离散单元法成为研究节理岩体边坡破坏机制的最有效方法之一。通过采用离散元软件PFC2D进行数值模拟,对完整岩石及节理的力学性能进行研究,并建立含密集节理的岩体边坡模型,讨论了节理连通率对边坡破坏形式的影响。结果表明,节理岩体边坡的失稳破坏是一个渐进的过程;在多组节理密集分布的岩体边坡中,连通率越大,其稳定性越差;随着连通率的减小,边坡的破坏形式由大范围的滑坡转变为局部崩塌的形式     

对山西省五台县西金河铁矿矿床地质特征及成因浅析

西金河铁矿赋存于五台群台怀亚群柏枝岩组中下部磁铁石英岩中,属火山沉积变质硅铁建造铁矿床。本区通过物探、槽探、钻探、样品测试等手段,大致查明了该区铁矿的矿体特征、矿石质量、矿石自然类型。本文根据我院长期在本区开展地质找矿取得的勘查成果,进行系统总结,提出下一步找矿方向。     

海洋产业集聚的生态环境效应研究述评

开展海洋产业集聚的生态环境效应研究对于推进沿海地区社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。文章对国内外相关研究成果进行综述,包括海洋产业集聚的内涵、我国海洋产业集聚概况和海洋产业集聚的生态环境效应。在此基础上提出未来相关领域的研究和实践展望,即拓展研究的深度和广度、坚持海洋产业发展生态化理念、构建协同发展的海洋产业集聚格局以及加快海洋经济发展示范区建设。     

黄河三角洲邻近海域生态系统服务价值变化及驱动因素分析

文章评估了黄河三角洲邻近海域的生态系统服务价值,并揭示了其空间分布特征。结果表明,2008年和2013年黄河三角洲邻近海域生态系统服务价值分别为79.70亿元和149.35亿元,生态系统服务利用属于供给服务和文化服务共同主导的综合开发利用类型。黄河入海口邻近海域为服务价值最高值区。2008—2013年间,养殖生产、捕捞生产和休闲娱乐3项服务价值变动较大。建议在黄河三角洲邻近海域调整养殖结构,大力发展高附加值品种养殖;持续开展增殖放流,提高捕捞生产价值;进一步开发利用旅游资源,提高休闲娱乐价值。     

液相色谱要原子荧光联用测定海水中无机砷和有机砷

本文研究并建立了海水中测定砷形态的液相色谱—原子荧光法。进行了实验参数流动相浓度、pH、流速的优化。在优化的实验条件下，采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱在6 min内可以完成三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷3种形态的分离、检测。在载流5% HCl，还原剂2% KBH4、0.5% KOH，进样量100 μL的条件下，三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷的检出限分别为0.31 μg/L、0.52 μg/L和0.36 μg/L。在浓度2~80 μg/L范围内，3种砷形态均有良好的线性关系，相关系数均优于0.999。用本文所建立的方法进行了海水样品中无机砷和有机砷形态的测试，海水中三价砷、甲基砷的含量较低，五价砷稍高，说明海水中砷形态主要以五价砷存在，当加标量为5~10 μg/L，加标回收率在73%~104%之间。该方法操作前处理简单，灵敏度高、运行费用低廉，适用于海水中砷形态的测试。     

辽东中—新生代玄武岩的橄榄石斑晶和捕虏晶氧同位素组成及其岩石圈地幔演化启示

华北克拉通东部岩石圈地幔性质在中—新生代时期发生了重大转变，但细节还不清楚。本文对辽东半岛早白垩世(克拉通破坏峰期)小岭组玄武岩和第四纪(克拉通破坏后)宽甸玄武岩中橄榄石斑晶/捕虏晶进行了主量元素和氧同位素组成研究。早白垩世小岭组玄武岩斑晶橄榄石Fo为 79~88，CaO＞0. 1%，具有高Ni/Mg(0. 4~1. 2)、低Mn/Fe(1. 3~1. 6)和低Ca/Fe比值(0. 2~1. 5)的特征，指示岩浆源区是辉石岩和橄榄岩混合的岩石圈地幔；高于正常地幔橄榄石的δ18O(4. 77‰~5. 96‰，平均值5. 4‰)显示低温热液蚀变洋壳熔体/流体组分对地幔源区的影响。第四纪宽甸玄武岩捕虏晶橄榄石Fo值为88~92(平均值90)，具有高NiO(0. 3%~0. 4%)和低CaO(<0. 1%)、MnO(0. 1%~0. 2%)含量，显示主体饱满、与少量过渡型和难熔型并存的地幔组成特征；其δ18O(4. 58‰~5. 38‰，平均值5. 3‰)与正常地幔值接近。结合华北其他地区地幔橄榄石氧同位素数据，发现早白垩世破坏峰期有较多俯冲洋壳来源的熔/流体交代岩石圈地幔，而新生代岩石圈地幔则为破坏后的残余和新增生产物，我们认为古太平洋板块俯冲和后撤—撕裂引起的熔体/流体交代作用对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的弱化、侵蚀和最终置换起了重要作用。     

永定河北京段蒸散发研究

永定河北京段蒸散发研究对永定河生态走廊建设有着重要的支撑作用。本文采用多种方法计算了永定河北京段的水面蒸发、潜在蒸散发和实际陆面蒸散发,结果显示:北京段水面蒸发为1182 mm,潜在蒸散发为969mm,1999-2009年北京市实际蒸散发494 mm。对各种水面蒸散发计算结果比较,并通过相关分析和RMSE分析发现,利用中国科学院地理研究所方法计算永定河北京段水面蒸散发较为合理,施成熙方法、前苏联扎依可夫方法计算结果相近,但彭曼公式结果偏大。潜在蒸散发采用Presley-Taylor公式,而联合国粮农组织(FAO)修正的彭曼公式和Hargreaves公式结果都偏大。研究区的实际蒸散量使用傅抱璞方法计算,结果得到了相同研究时段北京市水量平衡研究成果的验证。相比而言,张鲁公式和Turc公式结果偏大,而高桥公式所得结果与傅抱璞方法最为接近。