估计卫星频间偏差的GLONASS伪距定位改进模型及其验证

通过比较GLONASS广播星历与精密星历发现,GLONASS广播星历卫星钟差误差的主导因素为未标定的设备延迟参数。基于测站伪距残差分析,将卫星端与接收机端的IFB进行分离,建立广播星历的频间偏差和伪距定位改进模型,并对定位改进模型进行动态定位验证。结果表明,采用该模型的定位精度在N、E、U方向上分别平均提升51.1%、41.7%、48.3%。     

青海省长宁遗址沉积物元素对晚全新世人类活动和气候变化的响应

通过对青海省长宁遗址晚全新世沉积剖面OC、P、Ba、Mn、S、K2O、Pb、As、Al2O3、Fe2O3和Cu的化学成分分析及磁化率分析,研究了该时期沉积物元素含量对人类活动和气候变化的响应。结果表明,齐家文化时期(4300～3900aBP)至汉代(202BC—220AD)之间的气候恶化使沉积物中上述元素含量显著下降,齐家文化时期和汉代的人类活动也对沉积物元素含量产生了影响,不同方式的人类活动对沉积物元素含量的影响存在差异。     

河南卢氏官坡伟晶岩中锂辉石的矿物学特征研究

对河南卢氏官坡伟晶岩中的锂辉石进行了系统的矿物学特征研究。通过手标本和薄片观察得出含锂辉石伟晶岩的主要矿物组成为锂辉石、石英、长石和白云母。其中锂辉石矿物结晶程度好,颗粒粗大,易于分离。运用X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外光谱分析、X射线荧光光谱分析以及微量元素分析可知,锂辉石中氧化锂的含量为6.56%～6.82%,具有重要的开发价值。锂辉石的稀土元素配分中存在一定程度铕负异常,说明锂辉石是在结晶分异过程中斜长石结晶析出后而逐渐结晶析出的。     

Response of ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria to short-term fertilization in a salt marsh in China

This study examines the impacts of short-term(6 months) fertilization on the community structure and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria(β-AOB) and the potential nitrification rate in sediment colonized by S uaeda heteroptera in a saltmarsh located in Shuangtai estuary, China. The sediment samples were collected from plots treated with different amounts of an N fertilizer(urea supplied at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg(nitrogen content in dry sediment)), and with different forms of N fertilizers(urea,(NH4) 2 SO 4, and NH_4NO_3, each supplied at 0.2 g/kg). The fertilizers were applied 1–4 times during the plant-growing season in May, July, August and September of 2013. Untreated plots were included as a control. As revealed in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the 16 S r RNA gene, the β-AOB community responded to both the amount and form of N. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that both abundance and potential nitrification rate of β-AOB increased after N addition, regardless of concentration and form(except NH_4NO_3). These results provide evidence that short-term N application influences the sediment β-AOB community, β-AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in a saltmarsh ecosystem.     

新疆喀什地区近50a来霜冻变化特征及其对农业的影响

根据1961～2010年新疆喀什5个国家基本气象站的日最低气温资料,采用气候统计学方法对喀什地区5个站点霜冻日的变化特征进行分析。结果表明喀什地区初霜冻日推后、终霜冻日提前,无霜冻期延长,霜冻日数减少,为农业生产创造了有利条件,但个别年份霜冻日波动较大的极端气候灾害事件又成为农业生产须加强防范的灾害性天气之一。     

大凉山断裂带北段石棉断裂的古地震

大凉山断裂带是大型走滑断裂鲜水河-小江断裂系的重要组成部分,其活动性是认识和探讨青藏高原东南缘现今地震活动和构造变形机制的重要基础资料。相较于中段和南段,关于大凉山断裂带北段活动性的相关研究成果,尤其是古地震资料非常缺乏。文中基于野外地质地貌调查,在石棉断裂联合村处开挖了一组(2个)探槽,揭露出断裂全新世活动的直接证据。通过古地震分析和炭样加速器质谱仪(AMS)测年,共获得了4次古地震事件:事件E1:20925—16850BC;事件E2:15265—1785BC;事件E3:360—1475AD;事件E4:1655—1815AD。其中包括全新世以来的3次事件,最新2次事件的复发间隔骤然缩短,反映断裂活动可能正在加剧。     

施肥对盐沼沉积物微生物生物量和细菌群落组成的影响

The effects of nitrogen(N) addition on microbial biomass, bacterial abundance, and community composition in sediment colonized by Suaeda heteroptera were examined by chloroform fumigation extraction method, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) in a salt marsh located in Shuangtai Estuary, China. The sediment samples were collected from plots treated with different amounts of a single N fertilizer(urea supplied at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg(nitrogen content in sediment) and different forms of N fertilizers(urea,(NH_4)_2SO_4, and NH_4NO_3, each supplied at 0.2 g/kg(calculated by nitrogen).The fertilizers were applied 1–4 times during the plant-growing season in May, July, August, and September of 2013. Untreated plots were included as a control. The results showed that both the amount and form of N positively influenced microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and bacterial abundance. The DGGE profiles revealed that the bacterial community composition was also affected by the amount and form of N.Thus, our findings indicate that short-term N amendment increases microbial biomass and bacterial abundance,and alters the structure of bacterial community.     

海洋盐度场对细粒沉积物临界剪应力影响北大核心CSCD

黄河口海域盐度变化受黄河入海径流量、气候及海洋动力条件的影响,河口沉积物的沉降、固结及侵蚀等动力学行为与黄河口海域盐度变化有密切关系。为研究不同盐度环境对河口沉积物抗侵蚀性变化的影响,在现代黄河三角洲刁口河路潮滩上进行原位试验,模拟不同盐度的沉积环境,使用黏结力仪（CSM）对细粒沉积物进行抗侵蚀性测试。结果表明细粒沉积物的临界剪应力为0.728～1.581Pa,且随着沉积环境盐度增加,细粒沉积物的临界剪应力呈线性增加。当沉积环境盐度增加1时,其临界剪应力增加约0.02Pa。