基于SVM测井数据的火山岩岩性识别——以辽河盆地东部坳陷为例

辽河盆地东部坳陷储集层由火山多期喷发形成,岩相岩性复杂,岩性以中、基性火山岩为主.本文将火山岩的岩心及岩矿鉴定资料与测井数据进行整合,应用测井数据建立支持向量机(SVM)两分类和多分类岩性识别模式.首先,深入研究支持向量机二分类及"一对一"、"一对多"和有向无环图三种经典多分类算法的基本原理及结构;然后,总结研究区域火山岩岩石特征,分析测井数据的测井响应组合特征,选择40口井中岩心分析和薄片鉴定资料完整、常规五种测井曲线(RLLD,CNL,DEN,AC,GR)齐全的1200个测井数据作为训练样本,构造三种支持向量机岩性识别模式;最后,对4测试井中800个测井数据进行岩性识别,识别结果与取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片鉴定资料对比,实验结果表明有向无环图更适合辽河盆地火山岩的识别,识别正确率达到82.3%.     

营城组三段及二段岩性岩相和储层物性的精细刻画——基于标准剖面营三D1井全取心钻孔资料

于标准剖面新部署钻探营城组上部的全取心钻孔揭示,营城组三段厚205.70 m,营城组二段厚48.75 m（未钻穿）。主要岩石类型包括火山熔岩类、火山碎屑熔岩类、火山碎屑岩类、沉火山碎屑岩类和沉积岩。整个井段火山喷发划分为3个旋回10个期次。火山岩的有效储集空间包括4种11类,储集空间组合关系有4种,孔缝直接连通型是最好的储集空间类型。用岩心、薄片和物性测试划分出4种孔隙分布和7种孔隙结构类型,单峰偏粗态型和双峰态型孔隙分布最好。低排驱压力-粗孔喉为最好的孔隙结构类型。     

The inversion of anelastic coefficient,source parameters and site respond using genetic algorithm

It gradually becomes a common work using large seismic wave data to obtain source parameters, such as seismic moment, break radius, stress drop, with completingof digital seismic network in China (Hough, et al, 1999; Bindi, et al, 2001). These parameters are useful on earthquake prediction and seismic hazard analysis.Although the computation methods of source parameters are simple in principle and the many research works have been done, it is not easy to obtain the parameters accurately. There are two factors affecting the stability of computation results. The first one is the effect of spread path and site respond on signal. According to the research results, there are different geometrical spreading coefficients on different epicenter distance. The better method is to introduce trilinear geometrical spreading model (Atkinson, Mereu, 1992; Atkinson, Boore, 1995; WONG, et al, 2002). In addition, traditional site respond is estimated by comparing with rock station, such as linear inversion method (Andrews, 1982), but the comparative estimation will introduce some errors when selecting different stations. Some recent research results show that site respond is not flat for rock station (Moya, et al, 2000; ZHANG,. et al, 2001; JIN, et al, 2000; Dutta, et al, 2001). The second factor is to obtain low-frequency level and corner frequency fromdisplacement spectrum. Because the source spectrum model is nonlinear function,these values are obtained by eye. The subjectivity is strong. The small change of corner frequency will affect significantly the result of stress drop.     

Seismic ground motion relationship in southern China based on stochastic finite-fault model

The characteristics of seismic ground motions in southern China are difficult to determine statistically due to a lack of strong ground motion data. In this study, a stochastic finite-fault ground motion model was adopted to simulate the seismic ground motions at bedrock for southern China, based on parameters derived from small and medium earthquakes that have occurred in the region. From these, the response spectra was estimated. A set of ground motion attenuation relations hipswas then developed based on simulated peak ground motions and response spectral parameters through regression, which would be applicable for use in engineering practice. Through comparisons, it was demonstrated that the proposed ground motion relationships are generally consistent with those obtained from other reported ground motion attenuation models for southern China.     

Bender Elements在测试土样剪切波速中的应用

本文以作者在香港理工大学土木与结构工程系设计制作的一套BenderElements为例,介绍了BenderElements的原理、发展历史、应用范围、使用方法和注意事项等。BenderElements是由压电陶瓷材料制成的,在拉伸、压缩作用下,会产生正、负电荷,反过来,给它施加正、负电荷后,它又可产生弯曲振动,正是利用它的这一特性,将其作成接收和发射装置,来测试土样的剪切波速Vs。BenderElements在安装使用时,防水和静电屏蔽十分关键。Vs可在场地地震反应、液化判别、动力基础设计、检测地基改良效果等方面获得应用。震相识别的原则是接收信号的第一个峰值为到时。     

盆地火山岩相分类和模式

盆地火山岩相模式是储层分布规律和识别的重要基础,目前遇到了地层单位不一致、钻井揭示不系统和盆地间存在差异大的问题。基于此,需要建立一套系统的基本地层单位的相模式。本文总结了相、岩相、火山岩相的相关定义,梳理了针对地质填图、矿产普查、现代火山和盆地火山岩研究的火山岩相分类方案的特点。本文认为利用出露好的现代火山研究成果指导盆地火山岩相研究是首选的研究方式。针地火山地层堆积单元,突出岩石组构和几何外形要素,厘定了5相15亚相44微相的火山岩相划分方案。相和亚相分别是爆发相的热碎屑流、(热)基浪、火山碎屑裙和火山碎屑筒亚相,喷溢相的水上熔岩流、水下熔岩流和水上喷发水下就位熔岩流亚相,侵出相的水上熔岩穹丘、水下熔岩穹丘和早期水下晚期水上熔岩穹丘亚相,火山-沉积相的火山泥石流和崩塌堆积亚相,次火山岩相的岩脉、岩盖和岩盆/岩席亚相,进一步指出了各微相的特征岩石结构构造。不同化学成分的熔岩可以形成相同的亚相或微相,如流纹岩和玄武岩均可以形成喷溢相水上熔岩流亚相复合熔岩流微相,流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩和玄武岩均可形成侵出相水上熔岩穹丘亚相。从储层来看,复合熔岩流微相好于水上熔岩穹丘亚相的各类微相,所以本...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定锑精矿中多种微量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定锑精矿中10种微量元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Si、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca、Cu、Ag的快速定量分析方法。探讨了锑精矿的溶样方法,发现采用氢溴酸挥锑后用浓酸溶解样品,稳定性较好。优化了仪器参数条件,对样品中各元素做加标回收试验。与原子吸收光谱法测定比较,方法检出限低,精密度(RSD,n=11)均小于6%,回收率为89.4%~108.0%,能满足进出口对锑精矿中杂质元素的检测要求。     

The inversion of anelastic coefficient, source parameters and site respond using genetic algorithm

It gradually becomes a common work using large seismic wave data to obtain source parameters, such as seismic moment, break radius, stress drop, with completing of digital seismic network in China (Hough, et al, 1999; Bindi, et al, 2001). These parameters are useful on earthquake prediction and seismic hazard analysis. Although the computation methods of source parameters are simple in principle and the many research works have been done, it is not easy to obtain the parameters accurately. Th…     

松辽盆地白垩系营城组火山岩喷发旋回划分

鉴于松辽盆地白垩纪营城组火山活动多中心、多旋回、火山物质运动方向多变、成分复杂等特征,依据火山旋回的三个基本要素,即共生序列、内在规律的外部结构表现、同源性,着重考虑对储层研究的指导作用,采用"组内划段-段内划旋回-旋回内划期次"的方案,定义火山旋回为火山活动强度由平静到强烈再到平静而构成的喷发周期内形成的一套火山岩组...     

松辽盆地营城组火山岩成岩作用类型、特征及其对储层物性的影响

通过野外剖面观察、钻井岩心描述、薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析,松辽盆地营城组火山岩的成岩作用阶段分为早期和晚期。早期成岩作用类型有挥发分逸出、熔蚀作用、等容冷凝结晶、准同生期热液沉淀结晶、熔结作用、冷凝收缩、分熔冷凝结晶和早期压实胶结作用;晚期成岩作用类型为充填作用、脱玻化作用、交代作用、机械压实压溶作用、胶结作用和溶解作用。早期成岩作用主要影响原生孔隙的发育,晚期成岩作用影响次生孔隙的发育。准同生期热液沉淀结晶、早期压实胶结作用、充填作用、机械压实压溶作用和胶结作用是使松辽盆地营城组火山岩储层物性降低的主要成岩作用;挥发分逸出、等容冷凝结晶、冷凝收缩和溶解作用是产生孔隙空间使储层物性变好的主要成岩作用。