现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型

通过分析中国地壳运动观测网络GPS数据特别是1999年与2001年区域网数据, 我们初步得到了中国大陆地壳运动速度场, 并用统计分析的方法从高密度台站速度场中区分出9个独立活动块体和2个广泛形变带, 求出活动块体刚体运动欧拉极和相邻块体间相互运动速率. 结果显示中国大陆形变场似可分为3类区域 第1类区包括青藏高原内部区域和天山造山带, 形变在全区域内广泛分布; 第3类区包括塔里木盆地及南北带以东地区, 形变场表现为活动块体, 内部稳定, 形变局限在狭窄的边界带内; 第2类区则处在青藏高原的边缘带, 如柴达木、祁连、西宁、川滇菱形南块体等, 这类区形变场特征处在第1, 3类区之间, 虽然还能保持一定的块体完整性, 但块体的尺度和强度已不如第3类地区. 通过分析各类区域岩石圈结构以及形变模式我们可以得出初步推断 中国大陆地壳形变模式主要由地壳结构所控制. 中国大陆东部和塔里木盆地地区地壳介质有相当强度, 形变表现为刚性块体的相互运动. 而印度板块的北向挤压造成青藏高原和天山的隆起并产生巨厚地壳, 壳内温度上升, 下地壳低速高导层发育, 介质呈较强黏塑性, 地壳脆性层在下地壳塑性流变场作用下产生各种类型的、多层次的形变, 且分布广泛而不局限于少量块体边界地区. 青藏高原边缘的第2类地区地壳结构为第1, 3类地区之间的过渡区, 其形变特征也介于第1, 3类地区之间, 为强度较低的较小活动块体在边界作用力下的运动与变形.     

中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形

全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）揭示的中国大陆现今运动场清晰地表现出了以活动地块 为单元的分块运动特征，不同的活动地块具有不同的运动和变形方式．ＧＰＳ观测到的阿 尔金断裂的左旋走滑速率仅（５．ｌ± ２．５）ｍｍ／ａ，龙门山断裂的挤压缩短速率为（６．７± ３．０） ｍｍ／ａ，华南地块相对于欧亚大陆向东的运动速率是 １１～１４ｍｍ／ａ，这些结果均不支持青 藏高原北部沿主要走滑断裂向东大规模挤出的假说．中国大陆以活动地块为单元的现 今构造变形可能与大陆岩石圈的结构和性质有关，上地壳以脆性变形为主，下地壳和 上地幔以粘塑性的流变为特征，从底部驱动着上覆脆性地块的整体运动．     

中国地壳运动观测网络基本网观测精度研究

“中国地壳运动观测网络”于1998～2002年开展过5次基本网GPS联测。利用GIPSY软件处理结果进行的统计分析表明：基线定位水平分量精度为2～5mm，垂直分量为7～15mm；基线变化的水平分量测定精度为0．5mm／a，达到了流动观测的最高水平。分析基线定位误差发现：固定误差是目前相对定位的主要误差；与基线长度有关的比例误差对于水平分量而言，基本可以忽略。对速率的统计分析说明：至少4年观测间隔，才有可能获得比较精确、可靠的测站速率结果。     

现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型

通过分析中国地壳运动观测网络GPS数据特别是1999年与2001年区域网数据,我们初步得到中国大陆地壳运动速度场,并用统计分析的方法从高密度台站速度场中区分出9个独立活动块体和2个广泛形变带,求出活动块体刚体运动欧拉极和相邻块体间相互运动速率.     

三峡地区基底面二维速度反演

本文应用地震层析成象法(Scismic Tomography)对基底首波(Pg)资料进行了计算。首先将其展成二维富立叶级数,在模型参数化基础上进行广义反演,算出富利叶系数,然后应用Backus Gilbert反演方法在第一类Direchlet条件下,算出区域慢度分布及分辨。对三峡地区实际资料进行计算,给出该区基底二维速度分布。在非纵测线解释上,这是一种新的尝试。通过计算分析了富立叶变换法的特点;该方法无须对横向介质的先验假设,但是在富立叶展开阶数较少时,会带来边瓣效应。因此欲得到好的结果,则必须增加射线数及提高富立叶展开阶数这无疑将增大计算量。     

Contemporary crustal deformation of the Chinese continent and tectonic block model

We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese con-tinent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We de-lineate 9 tectonically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a denseGPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motionrates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese conti-nent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan oro-genic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associatedwith the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-likemotion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining(in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has thedeformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like,but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithosphericstructures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that thedeformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure.The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformationtakes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength.     

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中国地壳运动观测网络

中国地壳运动观测网络（CMONOC）是以全球卫星定位系统（GPS）观测技术为主，辅之以甚长基线射电干涉测量（VLBI）和人卫激光测距（SLR）等空间技术，结合精密重力和精密水准测量构成的大范围、高精度、高时空分辨率的地壳运动观测网络。它是一个综合性、多用途、开放型、数据资源共享、全国统一的观测网络，具有连续动态监测功能。网络的科学目标以地震预测预报为主，兼顾大地测量等其他需要。该工程1997年开始建设，2000年12月全面完成，产生了良好的社会与经济效益。     

Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in China continent

Velocity field of China continent constrained by Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals both continuous and block-like styles of deformation. Continuous deformation commonly characterizes actively deforming mountain ranges such as the Tianshan Mountain, Qilian Mountain, and Tibet. The block-like movement often represents deformation in the tectonically stable regions such as Ordos, South China and Tarim blocks. GPS measurements indicate 5.1±2.5 mm/a left-lateral strike-slip rate along the Altun fault. Eastward convergence along the Longmenshan fault is less than 6.7 ± 3.0 mm/a. South China moves 11–14 mm/a eastward compared with the stable Eurasia. These low slip rates do not imply rapid eastward extrusion of China continent predicted by the model of “continental extrusion”. It appears that “crustal thickening” model more properly describes both continuous and block-like styles of deformation in China continent.     

中国地壳运动速度场--GAMIT和GISPY解算结果比对

采用"中国地壳运动观测网络"区域网1999、2001年的观测资料,利用GAMIT和GIPSY解出了测站位移速度值,并对这两种解算结果进行了对比分析.在920个观测站中,位移速度差东西、南北分量的平均值分别为(0.25±0.08) mm/a与(1.33±0.07) mm/a,服从(0.2,2.3)、(1.3,2.2)正态分布,两者无大系统差异,但大约2/3的测站速度差幅度在2～6 mm/a之间.导致速度场差异的原因可能是实现统一参考框架的误差和观测时间间隔不长对季节性地壳变动的放大作用等.