上覆压力变化时孔隙岩层弹性波速度的确定及其普遍意义

在沉积正旋回砂砾岩储层的探井中采集了不同岩性的典型样品.在不同的有效覆盖压力P及孔隙流体为不同相态（气饱和、水饱和和油饱和）下测试了岩石的纵、横波速度（Vp,Vs）,分析了不同类型的孔隙流体对速度的影响.用适于低频条件下的Gassmann方程计算水饱和样品的Vp,Vs值,并和实验结果（高频条件下）比较,认为运用Gassmann理论一般可用于计算含有孔隙流体的岩石弹性波速度,以此预测由于孔隙流体的变化所引起的岩石速度的变化,精度是在石油工程的许可范围内的,其结果对声波测井和地震勘探资料处理具有理论和实际意义.     

岩石弹性波速度和饱和度、孔隙流体分布的关系

在实验室对6种砂岩进行了连续的进水和失水实验. 测 量了两个过程的纵波速度VP、横波速度VS进水和失水速率随饱和度SW的 变化；分析了低饱和度时流体对岩石弹性性质的影响. 实验表明，进水和失水过程显示不同 的纵、横波速度与饱和度关系，速度不仅与饱和度有关，还与不同饱和阶段的孔隙流体分布 有关，而且也是水和岩石骨架之间的物理及化学作用所致.     

Determination of the elastic wave velocities in porous rocks with the change of overburden pressure and its universal significance

Typical rock samples with different lithologic characteristics were collected from exploring wells drilled in sandstone-conglomerate sedimental reservoirs with positive rhythm. In different pore fluid states (fully saturated with gas, water and oil), the velocities of compressional and shear waves (Vp, Vs) were measured under different overburden pressure in laboratory. The effects of pore fluid and different fluid types on the velocities were analyzed. The velocities (Vp, Vs) of the samples fully saturated with water were calculated by use of Gassmann's formula that is suitable for low frequency. The calculated values were compared with the experimental values obtained at high frequency. The result shows that Gassmann's theory can be used to calculate elastic wave velocities in porous rocks saturated with fluid. By this result, the change of elastic velocities with the change of fluid can be predicted. The error is allowable in petroleum engineering. This conclusion is useful for sonic logging interpretation and seismic datum processing.