鄱阳湖非平稳水位波动及其与长江的交互作用关系(英文)

Seasonal water-level fluctuations(WLF) play a dominate role in lacustrine ecosystems. River-lake interaction is a direct factor in changes of seasonal lake WLF, especially for those lakes naturally connected to upstream and downstream rivers. During the past decade, the modification of WLF in the Poyang Lake(the largest freshwater lake in China) has caused intensified flood and irrigation crises, reduced water availability, compromised water quality and extensive degradation of the lake ecosystem. There has been a conjecture as to whether the modification was caused by its interactions with Yangtze River. In this study, we investigated the variations of seasonal WLF in China’s Poyang Lake by comparing the water levels during the four distinct seasons(the dry season, the rising season, the flood season, and the retreating season) before and after 2003 when the Three Gorge Dam operated. The Water Surface Slope(WSS) was used as a representative parameter to measure the changes in river-lake interaction and its impacts on seasonal WLF. The results showed that the magnitude of seasonal WLF has changed considerably since 2003; the seasonal WLF of the Poyang Lake have been significantly altered by the fact that the water levels both rise and retreat earlier in the season and lowered water levels in general. The fluctuations of river-lake interactions, in particular the changes during the retreating season, are mainly responsible for these variations in magnitude of seasonal WLF. This study demonstrates that WSS is a representative parameter to denote river-lake interactions, and the results indicate that more emphasis should be placed on the decrease of the Poyang Lake caused by the lowered water levels of the Yangtze River, especially in the retreating season.     

有限差分的时间和空间频散及其对逆时偏移和全波形反演的影响

有限差分是最常用的地震波方程数值模拟方法,但时间和空间离散会产生数值频散.正演是逆时偏移和全波形反演的基本单元,成像和反演的精度很大程度依赖于所采用的数值模拟算法.本文研究了有限差分的时间和空间频散特性及其对逆时偏移和全波形反演的影响.通过时间有限差分+伪谱法、时间频散校正+空间有限差分、时间频散校正+伪谱法获取时间频散、空间频散和无频散数据;发展了抗时间频散、抗空间频散、抗时间+空间频散的逆时偏移和全波形反演方法;采用理论模型和实际资料对提出的方法进行了测试.数值结果表明:逆时偏移同时受时间和空间频散影响,时间频散导致同相轴不聚焦、成像位置偏离,空间频散会产生高频噪声和虚假反射界面;全波形反演在低频大尺度反演中几乎不受时间和空间频散影响,高频精细反演中时间频散引起波形相移、降低反演精度,空间频散增加多解性、导致反演不收敛;抗频散方法可以有效缓解时间和空间频散影响,获得高质量的偏移剖面和反演结果.     

长江通过江湖水文水动力交互对其支流水域东洞庭湖的影响（英文）

The blocking or reversing effect of the downstream trunk river on its tributary lakes is an essential aspect of river-lake hydraulics.To measure how and the extent to which a trunk river can influence its tributary lakes,we made a case study in Changjiang River and one of its tributary lakes,Lake East Dongting(Lake ED)during a 35-year study period(1980–2014).Specifically,we investigated Lake ED’s discharge ability into Changjiang River using stage-discharge relationship curves,and hence the changes of the lake discharge ability under different hydrologic conditions of the Changjiang River.The results show that (1) the Changjiang River does exert a huge impact on the water regimes of Lake ED.And this impact varies seasonally.A variation of 3000in Changjiang River’s runoff would change the lake water level by about 1.1 min dry seasons,by 0.4 min wet seasons,and by 0.6 m during severe summer floods.(2)Changes in the Changjiang River runoff triggered by the Three Gorges Dam since 2003 have led to dramatic water regime variations in Lake ED.Other factors,including reduction of lake inflow and the lake bed erosion,also exacerbated the water regime variations in Lake ED.     

鄱阳湖水文节律变化及其与江湖水量交换的关系

在气候变化、人类活动导致流域水循环改变、极端水文事件频发的背景下,从江湖关系角度分析鄱阳湖水文节律变化规律,对于维护流域水安全具有重要意义。利用1951~2011年湖区4站及湖口站水文实测资料,采用统计分析及水文过程分析方法,对湖泊水文节律在2003~2011年与1980~2002年发生的显著变化及其与长江水量交换的关系进行研究。结果表明:2003~2011年,湖泊因涨、退水阶段水位均偏低,进而枯水阶段延长,同时丰水阶段缩短,湖泊水文节律整体呈现洪旱急转情势;近年来江湖水量交换的变化是造成湖泊水文节律变化的主要原因。     

后三峡工程时代的鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力演变

三峡运行以来,气候变化与人类活动共同驱动了鄱阳湖水文情势的急剧变化,并对其湿地植被产生了显著影响,但当前研究尚未系统量化鄱阳湖湿地植被在此条件下的演变规律与趋势。因此,本研究以增强型植被指数EVI(enhanced vegetation index)的时段最高值作为表征湿地植被生产力的代用指标,定量揭示了后三峡工程时代鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力的气候态特征及其变化,包括变化的量级、显著性及阶段性。结果表明:(1) 2000—2020年,鄱阳湖湿地植被EVI最高值在全年及春、秋两季分别为0.37、0.30和0.33,入湖河流三角洲及碟形洼地边滩是其生产力中心;春季EVI最高值在此区域高于秋季,而在湖心区低于秋季。(2)三峡运行后的湿地植被生产力变化在全年及春、秋两季均有极大空间异质性,在湖心深泓线附近显著增加,而在入湖河流三角洲及湿地边缘下降。春季EVI增长区域面积占比极大(84.2%),而秋季增长区面积占比较小(71.2%),即有较大面积区域EVI在秋季下降(38.8%)。(3)三峡运行后,鄱阳湖湿地植被生产力中心经历了原位增长、空间扩张以及湖心向转移3个阶段,最终完成了由支流三角洲向湖心区...     

后三峡工程时代的鄱阳湖湿地淹没动态演变

周期性的淹没或出露是洪泛型湖泊湿地的重要物理特征,湖泊湿地的淹没动态对其生态过程有显著影响。三峡工程运行以来,鄱阳湖湿地淹没动态发生了显著变化并引发了剧烈生态效应,而目前研究尚未对后三峡工程时代的鄱阳湖淹没动态演变进行系统量化,也制约了对其驱动下湖泊湿地生态系统演变原因与机制的了解。鉴于此,本研究结合水文站实测数据与遥感观测资料,以淹没开始时间、淹没结束时间以及淹没历时3个变量共同表征湖泊湿地淹没动态,从站点及全湖尺度分别对三峡工程运行后鄱阳湖湿地淹没动态的变化趋势、量级及显著性进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年间,鄱阳湖湿地淹没开始时间在64%的湖区被推迟,推迟速率约为1.10天/年;仅在入江水道及碟形湖小幅提前,且提前趋势并不显著;(2)鄱阳湖湿地淹没结束时间在72%的湖区显著提前,提前速率约为1.46天/年;仅在有闸控工程的碟形湖因延迟泄水而有所延迟;(3)受淹没开始时间推迟而结束时间提前的影响,鄱阳湖湿地淹没历时在70%的湖区显著缩短,缩短速率约为2.19天/年,而在有闸控工程的碟形湖则有所延长。本文从站点与全湖尺度分别给出了基于实测而非模型模拟的鄱阳湖淹没动态...     

市县防雷安全监管的调研与对策

通过分析汉中市、县气象部门在强化防雷安全监管工作的实践经验和存在问题,提出市县履行防雷安全监管职责,必须坚持推动党委领导、政府主导、部门协同、公众参与、企业责任主体、法治保障的防雷安全治理体系建设。同时,要加强制度建设和防雷检测服务标准的应用。     

近30年洞庭湖季节性水情变化及其对江湖水量交换变化的响应

江湖水量交换的变化影响着通江湖泊洞庭湖的水情,进而影响湖区社会经济及生态的可持续发展.以洞庭湖城陵矶站、南咀站以及长江干流宜昌站、螺山站1981-2012年逐日水位、流量观测数据为基础,采用单位根检验、方差分析和水位-流量绳套曲线等方法对洞庭湖季节性水情变化特征进行提取,并探究江湖水量交换变化对其产生的影响.研究表明:近30年来洞庭湖水情呈阶段性特征,与相对稳定的1981-2002年相比,2003-2012年湖泊水位总体呈下降趋势,年均水位下降0.43 m;枯、涨、丰、退水期各季水情变化特征为:2003年以后洞庭湖丰水期水位平均下降0.60 m,呈现出"高水不高"现象;退水期水位平均下降1.49 m,退水加快;枯水期水位略有上升,平均上升0.18 m;涨水期水位变化不明显.湖泊退水期水位降幅最为明显,尤其是10月大幅下降,平均下降2.03 m,有提前进入枯水期的趋势.水情变化与江湖水量交换变化密切相关:丰水期,三口(松滋、太平和藕池)分流量减小在一定程度上降低湖泊水位;退水期,三口分流量减小叠加城陵矶出口长江水位下降对洞庭湖产生拉空作用,湖泊出流加快水位被拉低;枯水期,主要是1 3月,城陵矶出口长江水位上升对湖泊顶托作用增强,湖泊出流减缓水位略有抬升.     

高山冰缘植物高山离子芥体外抗氧化活性研究

以高山冰缘十字花科植物高山离子芥(Chorispora bungeana)为研究对象, 分析比较了其水提物和醇提物中总黄酮含量以及它们的抗氧化能力.结果表明: 水提物和醇提物能够直接清除DPPH、 超氧阴离子、 羟自由基, 抑制脂质过氧化.与水提物相比, 醇提物总黄酮含量较高, 抗氧化活性更强.高山离子芥水提物和醇提物在体外具有明显的抗氧化活性, 而较高的总黄酮是其适应高山严酷环境的主要特性之一.研究结果对揭示极端环境下生长的植物抗性机理和资源的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据.