地理信息系统及图形数据库的形成

地理信息系统(GIS)是由计算机系统、地理数据和用户组成，为多学科提供服务的新兴学科。GIS的应用系统由硬件、软件、数据、人员和方法五个部分构成，其软件系统应具备数据输入、数据编辑、数据存贮与管理、空间查询与空间分析、可视化表达与输出等五项基本功能。图形数据库的形成主要是通过光栅扫描矢量化方法，对地质矿产和地物化遥资料及其它地质资料进行数字化，按照图层划分方案建立关系属性表，属性库建立的目的主要是从矿产预测角度出发，对有预测意义的属性信息进行有效管理。     

高温超导磁强计在瞬变电磁法中的应用研究

高温超导磁强计具有直接测量磁场、高灵敏度、频带宽且低频响应好的特点,它可以做瞬变电磁仪的探头.在瞬变电磁仪中使用高温超导磁强计做探头与使用感应线圈相比,在晚期道高温超导磁强计测得的数据的信噪比要大大优于感应线圈的数据.野外试验表明:高温超导磁强计性能稳定,满足瞬变电磁法的要求,在瞬变电磁法中应用,将为寻找深部隐伏矿提供一种更好的新方法.     

Numerical solution of the dispersion equation using a variable dispersion coefficient: method and applications

ABSTRACT

The study presented herein forms part of a wider research project on dispersion prediction in open channel flows which include laboratory, field and numerical investigations. In this paper, a numerical model which uses finite elements in space and finite differences in time for the solution of the convective-dispersion equation is developed and verified. In the model, the dispersion coefficient is considered as a function of time (or distance) during the initial period. It is represented by a modified Fickian type model which has been calibrated by the authors using laboratory data. The numerical model has been used to predict concentration profiles of tracer studies carried out in the laboratory as well as in the field.     

新疆哈密市玉西银矿床成因类型探讨及找矿意义

玉西银矿床为东天山地区唯一一处独立银矿床,位于中天山老地块,阿拉塔格-尖山子大断裂北侧,区内地质构造复杂,岩浆岩发育,非常有利于银矿富集.通过对区内地质特征、矿床特征和控矿因素、矿物共生组合特征等综合分析,初步建立了"玉西银矿床"找矿模式,并确定其成因类型是在构造和构造动力控制下的中低温破碎蚀变岩型银(铅、锌)矿床,该银矿床的发现打破了在中天山老地块中一直未能找到独立型银矿床的局面,也对在该区寻找该类型的矿床提供了依据与找矿标志.     

3D Numerical Simulation Analysis of Passive Drag near Free Surface in Swimming

The aim of this work is to build a 3D numerical model to study the characteristics of passive drag on competitive swimmers taking into account the impact of the free surface. This model solves the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using RNG k?ε turbulence closure. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to locate the free surface. The 3D virtual model is created by Computer Aided Industrial Design (CAID) software, Rhinoceros. Firstly, a specific posture of swimming is studied. The simulation results are in good agreement with the data from mannequin towing experiments. The effects of a swimmer’s arms and legs positions on swimming performance are then studied. Finally, it is demonstrated that the present method is capable of simulating gliding near the free surface.     

山地冰川流动模型探讨

近30 a来冰川动力学模型有了快速发展, 在南极、 格林兰冰盖预测中取得一系列重要成果, 对山地冰川的研究也初见端倪. 从冰川流动的力学过程出发, 利用本构方程、 理想冰川假设、 浅冰层近似(Shallow ice approximation)假设完整地推导了理想冰川流动的物理过程, 揭示了冰川流动的机理, 建立了气候变化和冰川自身重力引起的理想冰川物质和能量再分配的温度耦合三维流动模型. 结合山地冰川的冰床形态, 将理想冰川与实际冰川相结合, 使理想冰川流动模型更好地近似山地冰川的流动.     

西北地区1：5万区域地质图数据库建设及应用

西北地区1：5万区域地质图数据库建设工作起始于1999年,经过15年建库工作,至2013年底西北地区已完成801幅1：5万区域地质图空间数据库、元数据库及相关文档,编制了西北地区1：5万区域地质图空间数据库建设工作程度图。通过数据积累,已形成西北地区大型综合性大比例尺基础数据库阶段性成果,修复抢救了西北五省（区）1：5万区域地质调查成果资料。1：5万区域地质图空间数据库建设,采用了统一的建库标准、合理的技术路线和可靠的数据质量监控方法,形成了完善的空间数据库建设质量控制体系,从数学基础、空间精度、拓扑一致性、属性正确性等方面保证了数据质量。该数据库信息量丰富,具备面向对象特点,数据模型符合地质实际,形成了可满足政府和社会公益需求的系列产品。目前,已在地质调查研究、矿产资源潜力评价、生态环境评估等方面得到广泛应用。     

Collating Historic Weather Observations for the East Asian Region:Challenges,Solutions,and Reanalyses

正1.Introduction Historic instrumental weather observations,made on land or at sea from as early as the 17th century(e.g.,Camuffo et al.,2010),are integral to extending our understanding of the decadal and centennial variations of Earth’s climate and for comparison with paleo-proxy data.The potential of such data is shown to best effect when used in dynamical 4D global     

快速检测海水中大肠菌群／大肠杆菌的膜图像法研究

针对常规滤膜法耗时的缺陷,提出了快速检测海水中大肠菌群/大肠杆菌的膜图像法。介绍了膜图像法原理及试验方法。重点讨论了图像法代替人工对滤膜上的显色菌落计数的过程。试验表明图像法不但能够缩短计数时间而且计数结果与人工方法一致。最后讨论了保证膜图像法计数准确度应注意的问题。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geological implications of granitoids from Sawuer Mountains in North Xinjiang,NW China

LA-ICP MS zircon U-Pb dating results of granites from Sawuer Mountains in North Xinjiang, NW China, are reported based on 1：50 000 regional geologic surveys. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the granitoids have magmatic crystallization age of 320 ± 2 Ma. In addition, zircons with ages of 341 -358 Ma could be subdivided into two groups, i. e. , Group 1 with a weighted mean age of 342 ± 3 Ma and Group 2 with a weighted mean age of 354 ± 2 Ma. The petrology and geochemistry of granitoids from Sawuer Mountains suggest their mixed origin. The granite from Sawuer Mountains occurred in an extensional setting, most probably related to post-orogenic processes during the closure of the Peo-Asian Ocean ; namely, represent the tectonic setting shifted from compress to post-collisional setting.