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我们从磁流体力学基本方程出发,给出了计及外加常数磁场情况下规则非均匀等离子体中电磁波和电声波的耦合传播方程。在选用的电子密度剖面下,求解了该方程组的边界值问题,得到了|P_1|和|H_x|的数值解,进而证明了在此基础上我们得到的电磁波和电声波传播的简单近似耦合方程组是可用的。 最后,我们计算了Debye长度和等离子体波长,指出在等离子体鞘套中等离子体波不能辐射出去的主要原因是在鞘套外边界严重的Landau阻尼造成的,并非在激波线强间断处的多次反射结果。 同时,也对所得到的传播耦合方程的普遍性进行了讨论。 相似文献
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针对无源微波遥感时间分辨率高可以克服云层影响获取地表温度的问题,该文应用AMSR-E微波亮度温度数据,分别选取了基于发射率估计的单通道反演法和多通道线性拟合法反演东北地区地表温度。在原有方法的基础上提出算法改进:对单通道反演法按照植被生长周期在生长季与非生长季分别建立发射率估计方程,探究各微波通道在每种地表覆被类型的反演能力并组合反演精度最高的通道,将微波极化差异指数作为表征发射率参数加入多通道拟合方程。结果显示,获取的地表温度剔除水体和冰雪无效像元后可用性达到100%,改进后的单通道反演法均方根误差由3.58~4.6降低至2.0~3.1,在75%的区域的误差小于2 K;多通道拟合法的最终均方根误差为2.6~3.5,同样有较高精度且只使用微波亮温数据就能获取地表温度。 相似文献
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The spatial patterns and regional-scale surface air temperature (SAT) changes during the last millennium,as well as the variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) were simulated with a low-resolution version of Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land-Sea-ice (FGOALS-gl) model.The model was driven by both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents.Major features of the simulated past millennial Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean SAT variations,including the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA),the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the 20th Century Warming (20CW),were generally consistent with the reconstructions.The simulated MCA showed a global cooling pattern with reference to the 1961-90 mean conditions,indicating the 20CW to be unprecedented over the last millennium in the simulation.The LIA was characterized by pronounced coldness over the continental extratropical NH in both the reconstruction and the simulation.The simulated global mean SAT difference between the MCA and LIA was 0.14°C,with enhanced warming over high-latitude NH continental regions.Consistencies between the simulation and the reconstruction on regional scales were lower than those on hemispheric scales.The major features agreed well between the simulated and reconstructed SAT variations over the Chinese domain,despite some inconsistency in details among different reconstructions.The EASM circulation during the MCA was stronger than that during the LIA The corresponding rainfall anomalies exhibited excessive rainfall in the north but deficient rainfall in the south.Both the zonal and meridional thermal contrast were enhanced during the MCA.This temperature anomaly pattern favored a stronger monsoon circulation. 相似文献
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Chinese Contribution to CMIP5:An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
ZHOU Tianjun CHEN Xiaolong DONG Lu WU Bo MAN Wenmin ZHANG Lixi LIN Renping YAO Junchen SONG Fengfei ZHAO Chongbo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):481-509
An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP5) is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature (SST) mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index (GPI), global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed. 相似文献
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