琼州海峡海面风场特征的观测分析

在检验资料可靠性的基础上,利用船载自动站、浮标站与岸基自动站测风资料分析了琼州海峡海面风速空间变化规律,以及秋冬季节的海面风场的日变化特征。结果表明：(1) 琼州海峡海面风速平均比沿岸风速大3～4 m/s,当沿岸风速≥8.0 m/s(5级)时,海面风速比沿岸大5～6 m/s;(2) 海峡海面阵风系数随着风速加大而减小。沿岸风速<5级时,海面平均阵风系数在1.4～1.5之间,风速≥5级时,平均阵风系数为1.35左右;(3) 秋冬季节,海面的平均风速日较差与风一致率均小于沿岸,当海面出现≥10.8 m/s(6级)强风时,海面与沿岸的风速日较差减小,风一致率增加。     

琼州海峡南北海岸带大风的天气气候特征

根据最大风、极大风两种大风事件标准,利用琼州海峡南北沿岸海口、琼山、临高、徐闻4站1977-2006年地面观测资料,分析了琼州海峡南北海岸带大风的天气气候特征,并对大风形成的可能机制进行了探讨.近30年,琼州海峡南北两岸大风日数的演变趋势不同,北岸具有波动的演变规律,具有14年的年代际变化周期和2～4年的年际变化周期,波动周期与影响海南岛的热带气旋年频数的显著周期基本一致;南岸为线性减少趋势,气候突变期为20世纪90年代中后期.城市化进程加快、冷空气势力减弱是导致南岸大风事件显著减少的主要原因.北岸易出现东北大风,南岸易出现偏南大风;平均而言,南岸大风强于北岸,两岸大风均以夏季出现频率最高,冬季最少,这与我国大部分地区大风的季节特征不同.     

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF SEA SURFACE WIND OVER THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT

The spatial variation and diurnal fluctuation of sea surface wind over the Qiongzhou Strait were described using verified datasets from automatic weather stations on board a ferry, buoys, and on the coast. Results are as follows: (1) On average, sea surface wind speed is 3–4 m/s larger over the Qiongzhou Strait than in the coastal area. Sea surface wind speeds of 8.0 m/s or above (on Beaufort scale five) in the coastal area are associated with speeds 5–6 m/s greater over the surface of the Qiongzhou Strait. (2) Gust coefficients for the Qiongzhou Strait decrease along with increasing wind speeds. When coastal wind speed is less than scale five, the average gust coefficient over the sea surface is between 1.4 and 1.5; when wind speed is equal to scale five or above, the average gust coefficient is about 1.35. (3) In autumn and winter, the diurnal differences of average wind speed and wind consistency over the strait are less than those in the coastal area; when wind speed is 10.8 m/s (scale six) or above, the diurnal difference of average wind speed decreases while wind consistency increases for both the strait and the coast.