Soil acidification stimulates the emission of ethylene from temperate forest soils

Soil acidification via acid precipitation is recognized to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems, which is in part associated with the function of ethylene released from the soil. However, the impacts of acidification on the cycling of ethylene in forest soils have not been fully taken into consideration in global change studies. Forest topsoils (0--5 cm) under four temperate forest stands were sampled to study the effects of a pH change on the emissions of ethylene and carbon dioxide from the soils and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released into the soils. Increasing acidification or alkalinization of forest soils could increase concentrations of DOC released into the soils under anoxic and oxic conditions. The ethylene emission from these forest topsoils could significantly increase with a decreasing pH, when the soils were acidified experimentally to a pH<4.0, and it increased with an increasing concentration of DOC released into the soils, which was different from the carbon dioxide emission from the soils. Hence, the short-term stimulating responses of ethylene emission to a decreasing pH in such forest soils resulted from the increase in the DOC concentration due to acidification rather than carbon mineralization. The results would promote one to study the effects of soil acidification on the cycling of ethylene under different forest stands, particularly under degraded forest stands with heavy acid depositions.     

模拟氮沉降对温带阔叶红松林地氮素净矿化量的影响

采用埋置PVC管的树脂芯方法原位测定了不同氮形态及其剂量作用下长白山阔叶红松林地0～7 cm和0～15 cm土壤氮素净氨化、净硝化和净矿化量的季节和年际变化规律.近3年的观测结果表明,对照处理不同土层氮素年净矿化量中以净氨化占主导地位,约占净矿化量的53％～72％,高剂量NO3-N的输入使该比例减少至37％～66％,而NH4-N的输入却使该比例增至86％～92％.随着模拟氮沉降量增加,土壤氮素年净矿化量也随之增加,尤其外源NH+4-N输入对净矿化量的促进作用更为明显,但随着施肥年限的延长,这种促进作用逐渐减弱.与林地0～15 cm土壤相比,氮沉降量增加对0～7 cm土壤氮素净氨化和净矿化量的促进作用更为明显,尤其是NH4Cl处理的促进作用更大.通过将实验结果与前人报道的野外原位观测整合,逐步回归分析后发现土壤氮素年净矿化量随着氮素年沉降量的增加而增大,氮沉降量对不同区域森林土壤氮素年净矿化量的贡献率约为38％;大气氮沉降量、森林有机层pH及其碳/氮比值可解释不同区域森林表层土壤氮素年净矿化量一半的变化.研究结果将利于有效预测区域林地氮素净矿化量特征及其对环境变化的响应.     

温带森林土壤溶液溶解性N2O和CO2含量特征及其影响机制

利用陶瓷头土壤溶液收集器采集2006年7月～2007年8月问长白山阔叶红松天然林不同深度(15cm和60 cm)土壤溶液,探讨应用气液萃取平衡-气相色谱法测定森林土壤溶液中溶解性气体N_2O和CO_2浓度的可行性,并利用此方法研究林地不同深度土壤溶液中两种气体含量特征及其影响机理.研究结果显示观测期内林地15 cm和60 cm深度土壤溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度的变化范围分别为5.26～10.71μg·mL~(-1)(C)和3.13～6.16 μg·mL~(-1)(C),溶解性N_2O浓度的变化范围分别为2.44～13.40 ng·mL~(-1)(N)和3.23～27.98 ng·mL~(-1)(N).阔叶红松天然林土壤溶液中溶解性CO_2和N_2O浓度均呈现出明显的季节性变化.春融后的降水促进了土壤溶液中溶解性N_2O产生,尤其在60 cm深度.与60 cm深度相比,林地15 cm深度溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度的季节性变化更明显,尤其在植物生长旺季.逐步回归分析显示,水溶性有机碳含量可以解释林地不同深度溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度变化的29%;水溶性有机氮含量可以解释林地60 cm深度溶解性N_2O浓度变化的34%.因此,水溶性有机碳和有机氮分别是长白山阔叶红松林土壤溶液溶解性CO_2和N_2O形成的重要因子.同时研究结果表明本文实验方法对于测定林地不同深度土壤溶液中溶解性N_2O和CO_2含量均有较好的适用性,连续三次萃取后所获得的气体浓度可有效反映溶液中的实际气体浓度.