江苏近海岸水深遥感研究

以江苏近海辐射沙脊群海域为典型研究区,通过实测水深数据和水体光谱测量与分析,发现对应TM3和TM4波段的水体光谱反射率对水深信息敏感,线性相关系数分别达到-0.561和-0.694。结合多光谱遥感信息传输方程所推导出的水深信息对数反演模式,针对本研究区TM4和TM3波段数据所建立的水深预测模式的复相关系数R2为0.4793,对0-15m水深,预测水深和实测水深之间拟合较好。利用TM5波段反射率、出露沙洲反射率以及海水反射率的差异,通过建立掩膜图像,可较有效地对TM遥感图像进行水陆分离,提取TM图像中海水部分,进一步可通过常用的图像处理软件绘制每隔5m的TM水深遥感制图、等深线图。随着高空间、高光谱、高辐射分辨率遥感技术的发展,对浅海水域的水深和水下地形进行遥感探测的技术方法和应用将会不断地深入开展。     

中国近期主要农业自然灾害的时空变化分析(英文)

China is a disaster prone country, and a comprehensive understanding of change of disasters is very important for China’s agricultural development. In this study, statistical techniques and geographic information system tools are employed to quantify the main agriculture disasters changes and effects on grain production in China during the period of 1990–2011. The results show that China’s grain production was severely affected by disasters including drought, flood, hail, frost and typhoon. The annual area covered by these disasters reached up to 48.7×106 ha during the study period, which accounted for 44.8% of the total sown area, and about 55.1% of the per unit area grain yield change was caused by disasters. In addition, all of the disasters showed high variability, different changing trends, and spatial distribution. Drought, flood, and hail showed significantly decreasing trends, while frost and typhoon showed increasing trends. Drought and flood showed gradual changes and were distributed across the country, and disasters became more diversified from north to south. Drought was the dominated disaster type in northern China, while flood was the most important disaster type in the southern part. Hail was mainly observed in central and northern China, and frost was mainly distributed in southern China. Typhoon was greatly limited to the southeast coast. Furthermore, the resilience of grain production of each province was quite different, especially in several major grain producing areas, such as Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin and Jiangsu, where grain production was seriously affected by disasters. One reason for the difference of resilience of grain production was that grain production was marginalized in developed provinces when the economy underwent rapid development. For China’s agricultural development and grain security, we suggest that governments should place more emphasis on grain production, and invest more money in disaster prevention and mitigation, especially in the major grain producing provinces.     

江苏近海辐射沙洲水域水深与光谱的相关性研究

通过对实测光谱数据和水深数据的分析研究发现，泥沙浓度在水深遥感中具有重要意义。泥沙含量决定水体光谱反射率与 水深的相关性方向： 泥沙含量较少的清水区，光谱反射率与水深呈负线性相关； 而在泥沙含量较高的浊水区，光谱反射率与水深 数据呈正线性相关。以此为依据，对水体进行清/浊水体的光谱分别处理，可提高水深的光谱反演精度。同时，结合实测水体光谱 进行不同光谱分辨率的模拟分析，发现高光谱分辨率遥感将有助于提高水深反演精度。     

基于GIS的关中地区农业生产自然灾害风险综合评价研究

旱灾、洪灾等自然灾害对农业生产有重要影响,通过分析关中地区主要自然灾害类型,选择各类型灾害的主要影响因素,建立评价模型,对关中地区农业生产中可能遭受的自然灾害风险进行综合分析评价,结果表明:关中地区农业生产自然灾害综合风险总体较高,高、中、低级别风险区分别占研究区面积的28.2%、46.6%和25.2%,其中高风险区主要分布在凤县、太白县、麟游县以及陇县的北部地区,中风险区主要分布在台塬边缘区和低山地区,低风险区主要分布在关中盆地地区,从具体灾害类型上看,高风险区域主要面临地质灾害和水土流失的威胁,中风险区域主要灾害是水土流失和生态环境恶化,低风险区域则是干旱和洪涝灾害。