THE CONSTRUCTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT OFTHE OVERSEAS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST CHINA

ＴＨＥＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＯＶＥＲＳＥＡＳＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＧａｏＳｈａｌｉ（高莎丽）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏｒｍ...     

钱塘江流域水资源对厄尔尼诺事件的响应

根据水资源对厄尔尼诺事件的响应，得出了钱塘江流域水资源的统计预报模式：（１）在春季型厄尔尼诺事件的当年和夏季型厄尔尼诺事件的次年，金华站年径流量的距平一般都大于零：（２）厄尔尼诺事件的结束时间若超过５月１日，那么次年金华站年径流量的距平一般都大于零；（３）厄尔尼诺事件的强度越大。对钱塘江流域水资源的影响也越大。这对该流域长期及超长期的水资源预报具有重要的指示作用。     

冲绳海槽北部西坡的古三角洲沉积

自20世纪70年代我国开展东海海洋地质调査以来,在海底经常能发现河流、河口沉积物以及与水道相似的负地形、称为古河道、古三角洲或古河口等(李全兴,1990；金翔龙,1992；石斯器等,1989；秦蕴珊等、1987)第四纪气候频繁波动，造成陆架上尤其是外陆架上陆相地层与海相地层频繁交替,因此有不同时期的古三角洲和古河道保留,沉溺的古河道在我国陆架海底的不少地区均有发现。由于海底沉积作用的不均衡性,埋藏较浅的沉溺河谷从地形特征上依稀可辨,埋藏较深的在海底表面则渺无踪迹,只有借助于高分辦率的地球物理测量,才能发现其踪迹。 晚更新世末期，长江、黄河是否流经东海陆架区进入冲绳海槽,虽有不少作者论述,但终因缺少系统的实测资料而未取得共识。长江、黄河在历史上每年向大海输入巨量泥沙,加快了海淤积和推进速度,但古长江三角洲也应该是体积大、构造特征明显的大型堆积体,然而至今尚未有这方面的报道。 作者对冲绳海槽北部进行大面积高分辨率浅地层剖面分析中,发现在陆架外缘坡折线附近,近海底表面处存在大面积斜层理三角洲沉积结构,这为晚更新世末期以来自我国的大河(黄河/长江)从冲绳海槽入海提供了新的证据。     

潮汐调和分析的一种算法

本文在常规潮汐调和分析方法的基础上，提出了一种由高低潮资料进行潮汐分析的算法。具体计算表明，该算法与现今通用的常规算法（即等间隔最小二乘法）相比，既可大大减少所需原始样本量，在相同记录长度内，是常规算法的三分之一还少，同时减少样本处理的前期工作量；又能保证潮位拟合的精度和预报的可信度，两者精度相当，结果一致。该算法原理简单、实用有效，对于局部样本缺损较易处理，具有实际应用价值。     

Dynamic Response Behaviors of Upright Breakwaters Under Breaking Wave Impact

- The dynamic response behaviors of upright breakwaters under broken wave impact are analysed based on the mass-damper-spring dynamic system model. The effects of the mass, damping, stiffness, natural period, and impulse duration (or oscillation period) on the translation, rotation, sliding force, overturning moment, and corresponding dynamic amplifying factors are studied. It is concluded that the ampli-ying factors only depend on the ratio of the system natural period to impulse duration (or oscillation period) under a certain damping ratio. Moreover, the equivalent static approach to breakwater design is also discussed.     

海洋作业渔船管理系统的设计与运行试验

对渔政管理指挥系统建设项日中的业务软件部分渔船管理系统的设计方案进行了介绍。根据我国渔洋作业渔船的实际管理模式，提出了渔船管理系统设计方案。系统通过网络化的业务处理和管理流程，规范渔船建造、审批、登记以及捕捞许可证发放等管理业务，实现渔船控制指标的统一分配，以控制捕捞业发展规模和保护我国的渔业资源。系统以Microsoft VB6．0，Delphi6．0开发，在Window98／2000／XP环境下运行。通过运行试验，对系统运行环境进行了评估，为渔政管理信息化的建设、系统升级提供了经验和技术依据。     

基于MODIS影像的鄱阳湖湖面积与水位关系研究

利用统计分析的方法,根据2001年获取的13景鄱阳湖区无云MODIS影像中的9景提取的水体面积,并结合同步观测的水文数据分别采用线性、对数和指数3种模型模拟湖面积-水位之间关系。结果显示对数模型相关性最好（R²=0.918）,其次为线性和指数模型。利用另外4景MODIS影像对模型进行检验表明,该模型精度较高,模拟的最大误差为3.36%。本研究显示,可根据鄱阳湖水位观测值,利用该模型预测鄱阳湖洪涝期洪水淹没面积,以弥补云天状况下光学遥感难以监测到洪水淹没范围的不足。本研究为利用遥感影像实时监控鄱阳湖水情空间动态变化提供了可行的方法,对湖泊、水库的泛洪监测、调洪功能分析具有重要意义。     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

Changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under the interaction between sunlight and phosphate in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

We conducted ship-board incubation experiments to investigate changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under different phosphate concentrations and irradiances in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in China. Under 100% natural irradiance the uptake rates of phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were accelerated at high phosphate levels （1.84 μM）, while under low irradiance （about 50% natural irradiance） their uptake rates were restrained at the high but stimulated greatly at the intermediate phosphate concentrations （1.26 μM）, as the growth of phytoplankton, changes in nitrite and ammonium uptake didn＇t follow an obvious pattern. Our results also showed that there were linear relationships between nitrate, silicate and phosphate uptake at different phosphate concentrations under low and high irradiances, and the growth period of phytoplankton was prolonged both at the high phosphate concentrations under high irradiance and at the intermediate concentrations under low irradiance, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected changes in its growth period, and because no such environment （low irradiance and low phosphate concentrations） actually existed in a high turbidity zone, phytoplankton blooms hardly occurred there. In the absence of irradiance, denitrification occurred readily and phytoplankton was kept decreasing, which resulted in phosphate regeneration.     

辽宁地区主要断裂活动性和地震危险性评估

基于辽宁地区主要活动断裂的几何特征和空间展布，对1980年以来辽宁地区M_L≥2.0地震的累计频次和1900年以来M_s≥5.0地震的年发生率的空间分布及其与活动断裂构造背景关系进行研究，获得了基于地震学的辽宁省内主要断裂和构造区（带）的活动性与地震危险性的初步评估结果。辽宁地区主要断裂活动性较高的有海城河断裂、金州断裂九寨—盖州北段、朝阳—北票断裂等；辽宁地区未来3年发生M_s≥5.0地震危险性较高的断裂依次有海城河断裂、金州断裂、熊岳—庄河断裂、鸭绿江断裂及赤峰—开原断裂与柳河断裂交汇处等。在判定区域地震危险性和城市地震风险时，除了依据前兆异常的空间分布，还应充分考虑区内主要构造（断裂）的活动性与地震危险性。