高精度新方法测量计算船舶磁场分布

将高精度质子磁探仪和位场变换理论用于测量计算船舶磁场，以研究其在海洋中的分布。由质子磁探仪实测海面上１０ｍ处磁场的模（船的磁场与地磁场矢量的和的绝对值），用位场变换理论计算出船的磁场三个分量在水面和水下的分布；并采用一系列有效措施，提高计算速度和结果的精度。将该方法和磁球理论严格解比较，在ｚ＝０面上误差小于０．１％，在ｚ＝－２０ｍ面上误差小于１％；还给出船的磁场强度在船的纵横向的分布曲线和平面立体     

Cascaded Evolution of Mantle Plumes and Metallogenesis of Core- and Mantle-derived Elements

Mineral deposits are unevenly distributed in the Earth's crust, which is closely related to the formation and evolution of the Earth. In the early history of the Earth, controlled by the gravitational contraction and thermal expansion, lighter elements, such as radioactive, halogen-family, rare and rare earth elements and alkali metals, migrated upwards; whereas heavier elements, such as iron-family and platinum-family elements, base metals and noble metals, had a tendency of sinking to the Earth's core, so that the elements iron, nickel, gold and silver are mainly concentrated in the Earth's core. However, during the formation of the stratified structure of the Earth, the existence of temperature, pressure and viscosity differences inside and outside the Earth resulted in vertical material movement manifested mainly by cascaded evolution of mantle plumes in the Earth. The stratifications and vertical movement of the Earth were interdependent and constituted the motive force of the mantle-core movement.     

西昆仑库地混杂岩带中深海浊积岩的浊积相划分及其特征

西昆仑库地混杂岩带中发育一套深海浊积岩。本文在系统的沉积相分析基础上,识别并划分出本区浊积岩的7类浊积相及14种亚相,结合其成因分别对各浊积相(亚相)的沉积特征、垂向分布规律进行了总结与描述。此外,垂向上还识别出3种浊积相组合,文中对其沉积序列特征及其所代表的环境意义进行了阐述。结合其它资料,探讨了这套浊流沉积的沉积环境,认为它形成于位于消减带和海沟之间的弧前盆地环境。     

混合二维泊松过程的分解算法及其在提取地震丛集模式中的应用.

将一定范围内的地震数据假设为背景地震和丛集地震的叠加，并同时认为背景地震和丛集地震分别满足不同参数的二维泊松过程．通过引入N阶距离概念，将叠加的二维泊松过程转化为一维的混合密度函数，在对距离阶数进行选择的基础上，最终采用遗传算法进行混合密度分解，以达到提取地震丛集模式的效果．文中将该算法应用于我国西南地区松潘及龙陵主震前丛集地震的提取，并与C值的时间扫描结合，深化了这两次大地震前地震活动图象的认识．      

地震学CT技术的原理、应用和发展

CT技术同遗传工程、新粒子发现和宇航技术一起被称为七十年代四大科技重要成果。这项重要的科技成果已经成功地应用到医学、射电天文学、核磁共振、显微技术、无损检测、磁流体力学、物质结构、化学和地球物理学等许多领域中,並先后于1979年获得诺贝尔医学奖金(Cormgck和Hounsfi(?)ld),于1983年获得诺贝尔化学奖金(Klug)。     

Geochemical evidence for the characteristic of the 1908 Tunguska explosion body in Siberia, Russia

Twenty-two peat samples collected at different depths of a core including the layer affected by the 1908 explosion in Tunguska area of Central Siberia, Russia, and three basalt samples collected near the site, are analyzed by ICP-MS. The concentrations of Pd, Ni, Co, ΣREE, Ti and Sr in the event layers are 4–35 times higher than the background values in the normal layers. The variation of Pd is closely related to Ni, Co and ΣREE in the event layers, but not to these elements in the normal layers. It indicates that these excess elements came from the same source, i.e. the Tunguska explosion body. In addition, the patterns of Cl-chondrite-normalized REE in the event layers ((La/Yb)_N ≈2–3) are much flatter than those in the normal layers ((La/Yb)_N ≈7–143), and differ from those in the three basalt samples. The concentrations of REE in the three basalt samples are tens times higher than those in the event layers. It may be inferred that these excess elements could not be produced by the contamination of the terrestrial material, but probably by the Tunguska explosion body. Additionally, the ratios of Ti/Ni and Sr/Co in the event layers are close to those in comet. It implies that the solid part of the explosion body was compositionally similar to carbonaceous chondrites (Cl) and more probably a small comet. In terms of the Pd excess fluxes in the explosion area, it can be estimated that the celestial body that exploded over Tunguska in 1908 weighed more than 10⁷ tons, corresponding to a radius of > 126 m.     

东濮凹陷黄河南地区下第三系沉积体系与油气评价

为了加速东濮凹陷黄河南地区油气勘探的步伐,本文根据现代沉积体系理论,综合运用地质、测井和地震资料,首次在东濮凹陷黄河南地区下第三系中系统地确定了冲积扇、河流、扇三角洲、三角洲—滑塌浊积扇、滩坝、近岸水下扇和轴向重力流水道等7种类型的沉积体系,并描述了这些沉积体系在地质、测井和地震等方面的沉积特征。结合盆地断裂活动特点,指出充填盆地沉积体系的演化具有明显的阶段性,沉积体系的平面展布具有不对称性,从而建立盆地沉积体系演化模式。同时,结合油气勘探实践指出富集油气的有利相带。     

地质统计学方法在井间储层参数预测中的应用

本文探讨了利用地质统计学中的三种克立格方法进行井间储层参数预测的原理及方法,并在某油田中应用,通过最优性检验,建立起了适合研究区地质特点的各种储层参数的最佳估计模型,揭示了储层参数在三维空间的变化规律,为建立三维储层预测模型开辟了新的方法。     

顺煤层断层的基本特征及其地质意义

顺煤层断层是指顺煤层发育的断面与煤层层面的交角较小或近于平行的断层。它的主要识别标志是断层面、构造煤和煤层厚度的强烈变化。顺煤层断层可独立存在，也可与其它地质构造相互转换，相伴出现。顺煤层断层具有特殊的选层性，这一特征与煤体较低的力学强度、煤层瓦斯压力及形变期顺煤层的剪切作用有关。顺煤层断层在煤田中分布广泛，它所产生的构造煤是瓦斯高聚集区，亦是瓦斯突出的危险区，其研究意义重大。     

淮北海孜煤矿断层与层间滑动构造组合型式及其形成机制

煤矿中煤层断层与层间滑动构造(简称层滑构造)发育普遍,可出现不同形式的组合。进行煤层断层与层滑构造及其组合型式的研究,对分析区域构造变形史、查明和预测煤层赋存规律、研究煤的耗散流变、煤层气的开发以及预防煤与瓦斯突出都具有重要作用。本文以淮北矿区海孜煤矿为例,在现场观测的基础上,分析总结了7、8、9和10煤层的断层与层滑构造的组合型式,并探讨了其形成机制。由于7、8、9和10煤层及顶、底板岩层组合的差异,不同煤层构造变形有较大区别。由于海孜煤矿岩层和煤层经历了多次构造活动,断层和层滑构造间产生了不同的空间组合,具体表现为3种型式:断层与层滑构造的同期扩展、断层与层滑构造组成块体及断层与层滑构造间的相互切割和限制。煤层的构造组合型式在很大程度上取决于构造应力作用、含煤地层的岩石力学性质和应变环境等。