Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING′S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

1INTRODUCTIONWiththerecentmodernizationandurbanizationofChi-na,urbanareashavegreatlyincreased, andgiantbuild-ings,especiallythosetallerthan100m,havebeendomi-nantincities,whichhave resultedinthegreatincreaseintheproportionofbuilding'sexternalsurfacetototalurbanarea.Thedifferencesofthermalpropertiesmain-lyinducedbysolarradiationbetweenbuilding'sexter-nalsurfacesareobviousfordifferentexposures,whichcaninevitablyinfluencethedistributionsofairtempera-turenearby,eventheverticaldistributionsofurb…     

DCMT光电扫描主测微器的设计与研究

DCMT主测微器不同于其它类型的子午环测微器,它具有自校准测定仪器参数的功能。该测微器采用了活动光栅的方案,其优点是能观测近极星和各类准直像;活动光栅另一个显著优点是不同赤纬星几乎可用相同的观测时间.对“V”形光栅的工作原理和误差进行了详细讨论,并给出了一组严格的公式。其系统误差来源有:光栅形状改正、光栅驱动方向相对于光栅的倾斜、光栅驱动方向相对于赤径方向的倾斜、星径曲率改正。     

用层次分析法决策地下水库回灌方案的排序问题

本文引用了一种新的系统分析方法(层次分析法)对地下水库人工回灌的复杂系统进行了择优排序研究,取得了满意的结果。实践证明,层次分析法对于地下水库人工回灌方案的择优是一种简捷实用的决策方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中硼溴碘

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中B、Br、I的方法。选定φ=2%(体积分数)的稀NH3.H2O介质消除碘的记忆效应。采用干扰较少的10B和79Br同位素。B、Br、I在0~10 000 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为10B 0.176 ng/mL,79Br 0.876ng/mL,127I 0.132 ng/mL;精密度(RSD,n=12)为10B 2.86%,79Br 3.36%,127I 2.69%;10B的阶梯加标回收率为94.6%~101.5%,79Br为98.3%~104.9%,127I为96.5%~102.0%。     

CO2地质埋存渗漏风险及补救对策

目前,将CO2埋存于地下深部地质构造（如油气藏、煤层、地下含水层及岩溶盐腔）的减排方案能有效地减缓温室效应而备受关注。无论什么储集体,我们都希望CO2在地下埋存的时间越长越好。然而,对于一项具体工程的实施,必然存在一些客观和主观因素造成CO2渗漏,比如废弃井的不完善或不合理处理、地层断裂系统和水动力系统以及地震所造成的渗漏等等。存在渗漏就可能会对周围人和生态环境造成危害。因此,进行CO2地质埋存的风险评估是相当有必要的,是我们能长期有效安全地进行该项减排方案必不可少的基础和保证。本文即想从建立一套完整的风险评估、管理和监测体系的角度并以加拿大Weyburn油田为例,深入分析CO2地质埋存中可能存在的渗漏风险和途径,建立CO2渗漏风险评估机制,并针对具体的渗漏可能性提出相应的补救对策,为全球范围内,尤其对我国刚刚开展CO2地质埋存研究工作提供一些有益的思路。     

华南前寒武系基底变质杂岩和中-新生代地幔岩的稀有气体同位素组成及其大地构造意义

对华南前寒武系变质岩浆杂岩稀有气体He、Ne、Ar和Xe的系统研究表明:扬子克拉通基底为含高³He的下地壳"原始岩石层",(³He/⁴He)×10^-6比值为2.8～4.6;而华夏板块基底变质岩浆杂岩则是在缺乏³He、低(³He/⁴He)×10^-8比值(3.15～17.7)的构造环境下形成的大陆中-上地壳变质岩浆杂岩层,反映出两者基底性质迥然不同。华南中-新生代爆破岩筒He同位素组成相反,相对稳定的扬子克拉通(³He/⁴He)×10^-8比值仅0.18～4.22,而郯庐-四会-吴川断裂以东,中-新生代活动地块(太平洋构造域)(³He/⁴He)×10^-8比值高达3.7～20.5。He同位素表明郯庐-四会-吴川断裂带为切割深至地幔的边界深大断裂,是扬子克拉通与华夏板块间的边界且控制了燕山期火山-侵入岩浆向西扩展。Ar同位素组成表明华南大陆中-新生代地幔形成接近"均一"的地幔组份。¹³⁶Xe/¹³⁰Xe-¹²⁹Xe/¹³⁰Xe相关组份表明它们具有地幔柱岩石同位素组成特征。     

基于主成分分析的东江流域水资源承载能力评价

本文分别介绍了主成分分析法的原理和算法,并将其运用到东江流域水资源承载能力评价中,并且与模糊综合评价结果进行比较。结果表明：两评价方法的评价结果都是东江流域水资源承载能力呈现中上游高下游低的分布趋势,对此提出水资源可持续利用的对策,以促进流域水资源与社会经济的协调发展。     

Application of Monte-Carlo statistical experiments in design of ocean engineering——Estimating the parameters, models and probabilities

Recently, some results have been acquired with the Monte- Carlo statistical experiments in the design of ocean en gineering. The results show that Monte-Carlo statistical experiments can be widely used in estimating the parameters of wave statistical distributions, checking the probability model of the long- term wave extreme value distribution under a typhoon condition and calculating the failure probability of the ocean platforms.     

大西洋中脊TAG热液活动区中热液沉积物的稀土元素地球？…

用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ对ＴＡＧ热液活动区表层热液沉积物中６个块状硫化物样品进行了稀土元素分析。所有样品均表现出正Ｅｕ异常和ＬＲＥＥ相对富集的球粒陨石标准化配分模式,热液沉积物样品中稀土元素组成的变化是由于海底热液循环体系中热液流体和涨水不同程度混合作用的结果,