东天山黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦-氩同位素示踪

黄土坡铜锌矿床是东天山卡拉塔格地区一中型海相火山岩型块状硫化物（VHMS）矿床,赋存于早志留世海相火山-沉积岩系中。矿体产于酸性火山角砾岩与凝灰岩之间,主矿体呈厚大的扁豆状,矿石主要呈块状、浸染状、条带状和网脉状构造。本文报道了黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦和氩同位素组成,黄铁矿流体包裹体的³He 含量低,介于0.039×10^-12 cm³ STP/g～0.64×10^-12 cm³ STP/g,n（³He）/n（⁴He）值为 0.11～0.94 Ra,介于壳源He与幔源He之间。⁴⁰Ar 含量变化于 3.49×10^-8cm³ STP/g～34.25×10^-8 cm³ STP/g 之间,n（⁴⁰Ar）/n（³⁶Ar）介于301.40～425.98 之间。成矿流体中有幔源 He（1.71%～10.97%）和放射性成因 Ar（⁴⁰Ar*含量为1.96%～30.63%）。结合矿床包裹体及 H-O-S 同位素特征,认为幔源流体和富放射性成因He 和Ar 的海水参与了成矿。     

肥东杂岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素:对扬子克拉通统一结晶基底的限制

扬子克拉通广泛存在太古宙-古元古代的结晶基底,但关于扬子克拉通早前寒武纪基底形成和演化的基本问题尚未完全解决,特别是基底是由多个块体拼合而成还是一个统一的结晶基底尚无定论.对扬子北缘张八岭隆起内肥东杂岩的片麻岩、斜长角闪岩及侵入其中的花岗岩进行了同位素地质年代学和地球化学研究,发现片麻岩具有相似的原岩年龄,分别为2 449±17 Ma、2 444±15 Ma、2 495±23 Ma、2 478±24 Ma,斜长角闪岩和A型花岗岩的原岩年龄分别为2 032±35 Ma和747±4 Ma,表明肥东杂岩出露有扬子克拉通晚太古-古元古代的结晶基底.片麻岩锆石Hf同位素组成相似,ε_Hf（t）平均值为-3.6±0.5,两阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）范围主要在3.3~3.0 Ga,平均值为3 185±31 Ma,说明这一期约为2.45~2.50 Ga的岩浆活动主要是对扬子北缘古-中太古代地壳的再造.扬子北缘的鱼洞子群和陡岭杂岩都经历了相同性质的岩浆事件,同时扬子克拉通广泛出现约2.50 Ga的碎屑锆石和捕获锆石,表明扬子克拉通结晶基底是统一的.      

滇西点苍山杂岩中混合岩的地质年代学分析及其区域构造内涵

位于红河-哀牢山断裂带北延的点苍山杂岩由中部深变质杂岩、西侧中生界浅变质-未变质的火山-沉积岩系和东部叠加退变质岩带组成.中部深变质杂岩包括类片麻岩-长英质岩类、云母片岩、大理岩类和角闪质岩石.岩石普遍遭受角闪岩相变质作用和混合岩化作用的改造,形成条带状、条纹状、条痕状和角砾状等具有不同构造特点的混合岩.混合岩中有两种不同的脉体物质(花岗质岩脉),它们含有具不同特点的锆石颗粒,即由混合岩化作用改造形成的低Th/U比值锆石颗粒和由岩浆结晶作用形成的高Th/U比值锆石颗粒.对于锆石颗粒采用SHRIMP U-Pb测年,揭示出二者具有相近的年龄值,分别为842.5±9.9Ma与833±9Ma.它们的存在揭示出从混合岩化作用向岩浆作用的转变.混合岩的变形作用、变质作用特点分析,尤其是对于花岗质脉体的锆石年代学研究揭示出,点苍山深变质杂岩与扬子地块基底具有显著的相似性.结合扬子地块新元古代整体构造-岩浆活动性规律,揭示出由板块俯冲与消减引起,早于新元古代Rodinia裂解时期地幔柱上涌事件.     

郯庐断裂带流体中氦的来源、空间分布及地质意义

郯庐断裂带是中国东部规模最大、构造运动强烈以及地震频发的活动断裂带,其深部结构与现今活动状态引人注目。对郯庐断裂带郯城段和庐江段温泉与深井地下水逸出和溶解气体进行He同位素组成和气体组分分析结果显示,郯庐断裂带流体³He/⁴He测试值为大气参考值(记作1 Ra)的0.15～1.15倍。郯城段样品的³He/⁴He和⁴He/²⁰Ne值分别为0.96～1.15 Ra和0.24～0.30,显示有大气和地下水氚衰变对He来源的贡献。庐江段样品的³He/⁴He空气校正值和⁴He/²⁰Ne值分别为0.15～0.79 Ra和0.28～272,扣除大气贡献后He主要来源于地壳放射性元素衰变(90.4%～98.4%),局部受到地幔脱气作用的显著影响(幔源He占比最高为9.6%)。在空间上,庐江段幔源He占比呈现出随采样点远离断裂带而逐渐减小的趋势,反映了幔源流体运移过程中经历的稀释效应。幔...     

南岭中段主要锡矿床He、Ar同位素组成及其意义

对南岭中段主要锡矿床的黄铁矿等进行了流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素研究。结果表明,成矿流体的⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar≈288～371,³He/⁴He≈0.09～28.58Ra ,不同地区流体包裹体He、Ar浓度变化较大,而在同一地区⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar、³He/⁴He值比较一致;⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值介于大气饱和水(包括大气降水和海水)的同位素组成（⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar≈295.5）和夏威夷热点（⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar=350～360）之间,³He/⁴He值大大高于大陆地壳特征值（³He/⁴He≈0.03Ra）,介于地壳特征值与原始地幔特征值（³He/⁴He≈8.57Ra）和夏威夷热点特征值（³He/⁴He≈27.14Ra）之间,表明成矿流体与地幔柱的活动有关,为地幔、地壳和大气水的混合产物,以地幔流体为主。这一结果为南岭地区锡多金属矿床为壳幔相互作用的产物及区域地幔柱的存在提供了新证据。     

西北天山莱历斯高尔岩体年代学、地球化学及其成因

西北天山莱历斯高尔岩体主要由花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩组成,二者具有相似的地球化学特征,可能为同源岩浆分异演化的产物。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄显示岩体形成于晚泥盆世(374±4 Ma)。莱历斯高尔岩体具有较高的SiO₂(67.75% ～74.71%)含量和K₂O/Na₂O(1.24～2.20)比值,属于高钾钙碱性系列。稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土富集型(La/Yb)_N(5.25～10.57),具有中等-弱的Eu负异常δEu(0.55～0.92)。微量元素特征显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有较低的Sr(122×10^-6～356×10^-6)含量、较高的Y(17.19×10^-6～21.82×10^-6)和Yb(1.78×10^-6～2.57×10^-6)含量。岩体的Sr-Nd同位素特征为I_Sr=0.707 867～0.709 654,ε_Nd(t)=-2.79～-1.46。铅同位素特征为²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴ Pb=18.423～19.915,²⁰⁷ Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.576～15.685,²⁰⁸ Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.344～39.305。元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,莱历斯高尔岩体岩浆源区主要为中元古代下地壳的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质的加入。岩体形成于晚泥盆世准噶尔洋向伊犁-中天山微板块陡角度俯冲的大陆弧构造环境。     

崆岭杂岩中混合岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

崆岭杂岩主体由TTG和变质表壳岩组成,是华南出露时代最老的结晶基底,前人报道的大量同位素年龄证实崆岭杂岩主体形成于太古代。崆岭杂岩中以钾长花岗质脉体为代表混合岩化作用普遍发育,使用单颗粒锆石U Pb测年方法获得的年龄为(1 803±30)Ma,表明崆岭杂岩遭受了吕梁运动构造岩浆热事件的改造。     

张八岭隆起早白垩世变质核杂岩的厘定——对郯庐断裂带的制约及其与成矿作用关系

张八岭隆起广泛分布的平缓韧性剪切带与郯庐断裂带平移作用形成的陡立韧性剪切带明显不同。通过对平缓韧性剪切带的几何学、运动学分析,结合早白垩世盆地特征、中国东部变质核杂岩伸展拆离断层和同构造岩浆岩同位素定年结果,厘定出张八岭隆起早白垩世变质核杂岩。该变质核杂岩上盘由南华纪-奥陶纪沉积地层和早白垩世盆地组成,下盘为新元古代浅变质碎屑沉积岩、变海相火山岩（基底）以及早白垩世侵入岩,上下盘之间被一条主伸展拆离断层所分隔。变质核杂岩长轴为NE-SW向,指示构造反映上盘向SE剪切滑动,与中国东部变质核杂岩的伸展方向完全一致。通过本次变质核杂岩的厘定,结合野外地质事实,笔者认为管店-马厂断裂是郯庐断裂带的次级断裂,是对郯庐断裂带早白垩世末第三次左行平移的响应。在综合研究的基础上,建立了区域构造-岩浆-成矿关系模型,揭示了张八岭隆起早白垩世经历了早期伸展（变质核杂岩阶段）-挤压走滑（管店-马厂断裂形成阶段）-晚期伸展（闪长质脉岩侵位阶段）3个构造阶段,多期构造、岩浆的叠加作用下,形成了本区的金多金属矿产。     

新元古代宝兴杂岩的岩石成因及其对扬子西缘构造环境的制约

位于扬子克拉通西缘的新元古代宝兴杂岩主要由中低级变质的辉长质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩、英云闪长质到花岗闪长质片麻岩和块状二长花岗岩组成。岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素特征表明,辉长质片麻岩和闪长质片麻岩为同源岩浆演化序列,原始岩浆起源于亏损地幔尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融,在上升和侵位过程中受到了地壳岩石强烈混染。英云闪长质和花岗闪长质岩浆形成于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融,而二长花岗质岩浆形成于杂砂岩的部分熔融。综合分析宝兴杂岩的岩石组合、微量元素和同位素特征,该杂岩体最有可能形成于新元古代活动大陆边缘火山弧构造背景,并可能经历了碰撞过程。     

扬子陆块西南缘早前寒武纪撮科杂岩记录的多期岩浆-变质事件

撮科杂岩是最近在滇中地区发现的早前寒武纪基底杂岩，对深入探究扬子陆块早期演化具有重要意义.报道了4件代表性岩石样品的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素新数据.奥长花岗质片麻岩样品的结晶年龄为2 845±33 Ma，具有正的锆石ε_Hf（t）值（1.7~4.6）和相对年轻的亏损地幔二阶段（T_DM2）模式年龄（2.97~3.12 Ga），表明其形成于新生地壳的重熔.变二长花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩样品的结晶年龄分别为2 401±15 Ma和2 320±16 Ma，显示负的锆石ε_Hf（t）值（-6.2~-0.8）和明显老的T_DM2模式年龄（2.90~3.11 Ga），指示其来自古老地壳物质的重熔.斜长黑云碎粒岩的变质锆石的年龄为1 948±16 Ma，结合已有变质年龄揭示一期1.96~1.95 Ga区域变质作用.扬子陆块西南缘存在太古代结晶基底，并保留了与Nuna超大陆聚合有关的多期构造-岩浆事件的记录.      

Noble gas study of HIMU and EM ocean island basalts in the Polynesian region

Noble gas isotopes of HIMU and EM ocean island basalts from the Cook-Austral and Society Islands were investigated to constrain their origins. Separated olivine and clinopyroxene (cpx) phenocrysts were used for noble gas analyses. Since samples are relatively old, obtained from the oceanic area and showing chemical zoning in cpx phenocrysts, several tests on sample preparation and gas extraction methods were performed. First, by comparing heating and crushing methods, it has been confirmed that the crushing method is suitable to obtain inherent magmatic noble gases without radiogenic and cosmogenic components which were yielded after eruption, especially for He and Ne analyses. Second, noble gas compositions in the core and the rim of cpx phenocrysts were measured to evaluate the zoning effect on noble gases. The result has been that noble gas concentrations and He and Ne isotope ratios are different between them. The enrichment of noble gases in the rim compared to the core is probably due to fractional crystallization. Difference of He and Ne isotope ratios is explained by cosmogenic effect, and isotope ratios of the trapped component seem to be similar between the rim and the core. Third, leaching test reveals no systematic differences in noble gas compositions between leached and unleached samples.³He/⁴He ratios of HIMU samples in the Cook-Austral Islands are uniform irrespective of phenocryst type (olivine and cpx) and age of samples (10–18 Ma), and lower (average 6.8 R_A) than those of the Pacific MORB. On the other hand, ³He/⁴He of EM samples in the Cook-Austral Islands are similar to MORB values. EM samples in the Society Islands show rather higher ³He/⁴He than MORB. Ne, Kr and Xe isotope ratios are almost atmospheric within analytical uncertainties. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar are not so high as those of MORB. Anomalous noble gas abundance pattern such as He and Ne depletion and Kr and Xe enrichment relative to atmospheric abundances was observed. Furthermore, Ne/Ar and Kr/Ar show correlation with some trace elemental ratios like La/Yb.Lower ³He/⁴He of HIMU than MORB values requires relatively high time-integrated (U + Th)/³He for the HIMU source, which suggests that the HIMU source was produced from recycled materials which had been once located near the Earth’s surface. Moreover, extreme noble gas abundance pattern and strong correlation of Ne/Ar and Kr/Ar with La/Yb indicate that the HIMU endmember is highly depleted in light noble gases and enriched in heavy noble gases. Such feature is not common to mantle materials and is rather similar to the noble gas abundance patterns of the old oceanic crust and sediment, which supports the model that the HIMU source originates from subducted oceanic crust and/or sediment.If the HIMU source corresponds to the oceanic crust which subducted at 1–2 Ga as suggested by Pb isotope studies, however, the characteristic ³He/⁴He of HIMU (6.8 R_A) would be too high because radiogenic ⁴He produced by U and Th decay should dramatically decrease ³He/⁴He. To overcome this problem, the He open system model is introduced which includes the effects of ⁴He production and diffusion between the HIMU source material and the surrounding mantle. This model favors that the HIMU source resides in the upper mantle, rather than in the lower mantle. Furthermore, this model predicts the thickness of the HIMU source to be in the order of 1 km.In contrast to low and uniform ³He/⁴He character of HIMU, ³He/⁴He of EM are rather variable. Entrainment of upper mantle material and/or a less-degassed component are required to explain the observed ³He/⁴He of EM in the Polynesian area. Participation of the less-degassed component would be related to the “superplume” below the Polynesian region.     

贵州晴隆锑矿床成矿流体He-Ar同位素地球化学

晴隆锑矿床是华南中生代低温成矿域右江盆地Au-Sb-As-Hg矿集区内的大型锑矿床,成矿时代约150Ma。本文以该矿床矿石矿物辉锑矿中的流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He和Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,成矿流体的~3He/~4He为0.13~0.46Ra(Ra为空气的3He/4He值,1.4×10~(-6)),~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为305~327,He、Ar同位素组成具有一定程度的正相关;成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含地壳He的低温饱和空气的雨水,二是含地幔He的高温流体。含地幔He的高温流体可能来自右江盆地下部的侏罗纪壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆,这种岩浆的形成机制与华夏地块侏罗纪与钨锡成矿有关的花岗岩具有相似性。晴隆锑矿床以大气降水为主的成矿流体的加热、循环并浸取矿床围岩"大厂层"下伏地层中的成矿元素而成矿,受深部壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆释放出的含幔源He和岩浆S的热流所驱动。     

辽宁宽甸新生代火山岩和地幔包体的稀有气体同位素组成及其演化意义

通过对宽甸新生代碱性玄武岩、地幔包体及辉石巨晶的稀有气体同位素组成的分析，认为不同岩性稀有气体含量的差异反映了岩浆作用过程中轻、重稀有气体的分馏特性，较轻的稀有气体(He、Ne)比较重的稀有气体(Kr、xe)具有更高的活动性和不相容性；该地区上地幔源区具有典型的MORB型源区特征，以辉石巨晶为代表；地幔包体的^3He／^4He值较低，可能是地幔流体交代作用造成的；大陆碱性玄武岩具有与大洋玄武岩截然不同的He同位素组成，反映了大陆区地幔岩浆上升过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。地幔源区^40Ar／^36Ar值为350左右，二辉橄榄岩和碱性火山岩的^40Ar／^36Ar值比大气略高，可能有大气组分的混合。部分样品中有^21Ne、^22Ne、^129Xe、^134Xe和^136Xe相对于大气的过剩现象，是核成因造成的。     

He-Ar Isotopic Systematics of Fluid Inclusions in Pyrites from PGEpolymetallic Deposits in Lower Cambrian Black Rock Series, South China

He-Ar isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions trapped in pyrites from some representative PGE-polymetallic deposits in Lower Cambrian black rock series in South China were analyzed by using an inert gas isotopic mass spectrometer. The results show that the ore-forming fluids possess a low 3He/4He ratio, varying from 0.43×10-8 to 26.39×10-8, with corresponding R/Ra value of 0.003-0.189. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios are 258-287, close to those of air saturated water (ASW). He-Ar isotopic indicator studies show that the ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from the formation water or basinal hot brine and sea water, while the content of mantle-derived fluid or deep-derived magmatic water might be negligible. The PGE-polymetallic mineralization might be related to the evolution of the Caledonian miogeosynclines distributed along the southern margin of the Yangtze Craton. During the Early Cambrian, the formation water or basinal hot brine trapped in Caledonian basins which accumulated giant thick sediments was     

中国天然气中稀有气体丰度和同位素组成

中国天然气中稀有气体丰度和同位素组成徐胜（中国科学院兰州地质研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词中国天然气、稀有气体丰度和同位素、稀有气体来源稀有气体在地质作用过程中的丰度和同位素组成变化几乎不受复杂化学反应的影响，而主要取决于溶解、吸附、吸着和核反应等...     

广西栗木锡铌钽矿田成矿物质来源的惰性气体同位素示踪

文章利用黄铁矿流体包裹体惰性气体同位素,探讨了广西栗木锡铌钽矿田成矿流体的来源.黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0.14～0.97 Ra,远远低于地幔流体的比值,接近饱和大气水的比值,并与地壳流体的比值处在相同的数量级上;40 Ar/36 Ar比值为555.98～ 855.11,平均705.55,显然偏离大气氩的同位素组成;40Ar*/4He比值为0.08～0.27,平均值为0.153,接近地壳值;20Ne/22 Ne=9.671～9.748和21Ne/22 Ne=0.0306～ 0.0330,具有饱和大气水的Ne同位素比值特征.结果表明,广西栗木锡铌钽矿田老虎头、牛栏岭和金竹源3个矿床的成矿流体是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体;水溪庙矿床的成矿流体也主要是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体,但可能有少量地幔流体的加入.     

中国末前寒武纪古地理格局

根据古地磁学与地质学方面的资料再造了末前寒武纪800-600Ma期间中国大陆区内4个板块的原始位置及相互关系。     

CCSD中HP-UHP岩石稀有气体同位素地球化学及其对板块折返过程的示踪意义

利用高真空气相质谱系统测定了CCSD中HP-UHP变质岩中主要造岩矿物流体包裹体的稀有气体同位素组成,得出其3He/4He为(0.004~0.775)×10-6,相应R/Ra为0.003~0.553,40Ar/36Ar变化较大,为316.2~11358.8,高于大气40Ar/36Ar(295.5);20Ne/22Ne和21Ne/22Ne分别为9.47~12.4和0.026~0.051,而134Xe/132Xe和136Xe/132Xe分别为0.376~0.484和0.324~0.416,均高于其相应大气值。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石主要造岩矿物的He-Ar、Xe和Ne等同位素组成清楚显示其中流体包裹体主要由地壳变质流体和少量大气饱和水组成,而深源地幔流体组分很低,其中He主要来自地壳,Ar主要由壳源放射性成因40Ar*和少量(平均32.6%)大气Ar混合组成,少量Ne和Xe可能来自地幔。CCSD中HP-UHP岩石具有F40Ar相似文献   

Helium and argon isotopes in spinel lherzolite from Damaping, northern Zhangjiakou

Spinel lherzolite found in Damaping, northern Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province occurs as xenoliths in the Hannuoba basalts that consist of alkali basalt and tholeiite. Spinel lherzolites contain 50%–70% olivine (Fo: 90%), 10%–20% clinopyroxene (predominantly Di), 10%–30% orthopyroxene (predominantly En), and less than 5% spinel.³He/⁴He and⁴⁰Ar/³⁸Ar ratios in the olivine are 7.56×10⁻⁷ and 299.1, respectively.³He/⁴He and⁴⁰Ar/³⁸Ar ratios in the orthopyroxene (enstatite) are 9.1×10⁻⁷ and 307, respectively. Olivine grains are fractured irregularly, and pyroxene grains characterized by well developed cleavages, which would have resulted from explosion during the rapid eruption of lava from the deep interior to the surface. The lower isotope ratios of helium and argon may indicate that the spinel lherzolite xenoliths were derived from the strongly degassed and depleted upper mantle, and that the mantle is inhomogeneous.³He losses to some extent might affect the helium isotope ratios. The project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49273185).     

稀有气体同位素对岩浆侵入方向的制约:以夏日哈木镍铜硫化物矿床为例

我国东昆仑造山带新发现的夏日哈木镍铜硫化物矿床是造山带环境产出全球镍资源最大的岩浆镍铜矿床。含矿岩体不同类型岩石中橄榄石和辉石的He、Ne和Ar同位素组成表明:~3He/~4He(0.39~0.03Ra)和~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值(292.0~316.9)较低,~(20)Ne/~(22)Ne和~(21)Ne/~(22)Ne沿放射性成因Ne及大陆地壳线分布,表明岩浆起源演化过程中有大陆地壳组分和大气饱和流体在橄榄石结晶前加入。He和Ar同位素混合模型计算表明岩浆中有7.8%再循环洋壳组分和87.7%大气饱和流体的加入,再循环洋壳可能带入了大气及地壳组分。~3He/~4He和~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值的自西向东系统性降低,以及微量元素、成矿元素和稀有气体同位素的空间协同变化特征表明地壳物质的逐步加入,即岩浆可能自西向东方向侵入,侵位过程中地壳流体的加入促使硫饱和及硫化物的熔离成矿。