青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2过程研究

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growing seasons.     

青藏高原高寒草原区域碳估测

CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Biosphere)模型是一个表征陆地生态系统水、碳素和氮素通量随时间变化的生态系统过程模型。本研究采用MODIS遥感数据与CASA模型相结合的方法计算了青藏高原高寒草原生态系统植被净初级生产力(NPP)总量为20.57×10¹²g·a^-1的碳。同时根据五道梁实验点上得到的经验关系估算了青藏高原高寒草原生态系统区域上的土壤碳排放(Heterotrophic respiration)总量为8.07×10¹² g·a^-1,因此推算得高寒草原区域内净生态系统生产力(NEP)折算成碳为12.50×10¹² g·a^-1。     

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2,CH4和N2O排放通量研究

Using static chamber technique, fluxes of CO2, CHh and N2O were measured in the alpinegrassland area from July 2000 to July 2001, determinations of mean fluxes showed that CO2 and N2Owere generally released from the soil, while the alpine grassland accounted for a weak CH4 sink.Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O ranged widely. The highest CO2 emission occurred in August, whereasalmost 90% of the whole year emission occurred in the growing season. But the variations of CH4and N2O fluxes did not show any clear patterns over the one-year-experiment. During a dailyvariation, the maximum CO2 emission occurred at 16:00, and then decreased to the minimumemission in the early morning. Daily pattern analyses indicated that the variation in CO2 fluxes waspositively related to air temperatures (R2=0.73) and soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm (R2=4).86),whereas daily variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were poorly explained by soil temperatures andclimatic variables. CO2 emissions in this area were much lower than other grasslands in plain areas.     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川冰蚀基岩面微形态研究

通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川底床基岩与沉淀物显微结构构造分析,对大陆性山岳冰川冰下过程的认识更加深入.沉积物微观结构和构造特性显示冰川底部存在较大的挤压应力作用,由显微滞碛等现象来看,压应力在微观上的空间分布很不均匀.沉淀物中块体碎裂和基岩上冰成裂隙反映,冰川底部冰体对基岩面有巨大的剪切应力作用.滑塌构造说明,冰川底部在微小的区域内压力分布不均匀,局部有重力作用过程存在.沉淀物中块体断裂和同生变形构造的存在说明沉淀物的形成过程为先期沉淀、后期受压.通过对冰川底部各种动力作用特征的阐述及沉淀物结构、构造的成因及特性的总结,认为大陆性山谷冰川底部冰岩界面处存在水膜,且冰川运动亦有滑动性.