太行山区元古代早期和中期地层的古地磁学测定结果及其地质意义

最近十余年来,我国古地磁学工作者曾对南方震旦纪地层以及北方蓟县的元古代地层做过一些古地磁学测定,并且对某些地质现象进行了解释。但是,对再早一些时期岩石的古地磁学研究仍属空白。地球的基本磁场主要起源于地球内部,它的参量必然反映地球的内部特征。按照地磁场的轴向地心偶极子假定,古地磁学的典型研究成果——视古地磁极移动轨迹应与地壳的构造发育演化过程有着内在的联系。太行山区是华北地台中、下元古界一个颇为发育的地区,本文简要报道作者对分布在该区地质年龄约为-2300百万年至-1650百万年的滹沱超群和长城系的古地磁学初步测定结果,并结合太行山区元古代早期和中期的大地构造问题提出粗浅的看法。     

冀东高级变质区的构造特征──冀东太古宙地质问题讨论之三

按照韧性剪切带的发育程度，将区内划分为迁西群分布区的弱变形域和遵化群分布区的强变形带。根据各种形变特征，认为迁西群及遵化群分别存在三次及两次叠加褶皱，其中迁西期形成的为轴面南倾的东西向线状同斜褶皱；遵化期第一幕为北东向摆动的紧密线形倒转褶皱。由于边界条件的限制，叠加在迁西群上的褶皱，轴向转为近南北向。迁西期褶皱因属同斜而具简单层状体特征，故每个单体的叠加背向形并非三斜对称，主要部分也并非穹盆构造，而为ｗ形蛇形弯曲，不存在原生的穹隆或卵形群构造；遵化期第二幕表现为舒缓的东西向叠加褶皱。区内的主要构造样式为包括迁西群在内的由叠加褶皱及两组共轭韧性剪切带共同作用所形成的迂西－曹在卵形隆起区；遵化群的弧形褶皱群被密云－喜峰口－王厂左行平移韧性断裂带带动形成的宽城－遵化帚状构造亚区以及由遵化群形成的青龙王厂－迁安重熔片麻岩穹隆亚区。     

Ordovician Granitoids and Silurian Mafic Dikes in the Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China: Implications for Evolution of the Proto-Tethys

The western Kunlun orogen in the northwest Tibet Plateau is related to subduction and collision of Proto-and Paleo-Tethys from early Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. This paper presents new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd isotopes of two Ordovician granitoid plutons(466–455 Ma) and their Silurian mafic dikes(～436 Ma) in the western Kunlun orogen. These granitoids show peraluminous high-K calcalkaline characteristics, with(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i value of 0.7129–0.7224, ε_Nd(t) values of -9.3 to -7.0 and zircon ε_Hf(t) values of -17.3 to -0.2, indicating that they were formed by partial melting of ancient lower-crust(metaigneous rocks mixed with metasedimentary rocks) with some mantle materials in response to subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean and following collision. The Silurian mafic dikes were considered to have been derived from a low degree of partial melting of primary mafic magma. These mafic dikes show initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7101–0.7152 and ε_Nd(t) values of -3.8 to -3.4 and zircon ε_Hf(t) values of -8.8 to -4.9, indicating that they were derived from enriched mantle in response to post-collisional slab break-off. Combined with regional geology, our new data provide valuable insight into late evolution of the Proto-Tethys.     

Late Triassic granites from the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Dahongliutan example: petrogenesis and tectonic implications for the evolution of the Kangxiwa Palaeo-Tethys

The Dahongliutan granitic pluton consists of two-mica granites and is located in the eastern part of the Western Kunlun Orogen, northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Zircon separates from the pluton yield a SIMS U–Pb age of 217.5 ± 2.8 Ma. Rocks from the pluton contain relatively high and uniform SiO₂ (72.32–73.48 wt%) and total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 8.07–8.67 wt%) and are peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in composition. The Dahongliutan granites are relatively depleted in the high-field-strength elements and the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and have relatively high Rb, and low Ba and Sr concentrations. They contain low total rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The light REEs are strongly enriched relative to the HREEs, with (La/Yb)_N values of 28.56–37.01. The ε_Nd(t) values range from ?10.6 to ?8.8, and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7142–0.7210. Zircons from the pluton yield ε_Hf(t) values of ?13.8 to ?1.6, and δ¹⁸O = 10.5–11.6‰. Petrographic and geochemical features of the pluton indicate that the granites are S-type and were derived from parting melting of a mixture of metasedimentary and minor metaigneous sources in the middle–lower crust. Magmatic differentiation was dominated by the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and accessory monazite, allanite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Regional granitoids were emplaced in the Early-to-Middle Triassic. Other younger granitoids, with ages of 240–200 Ma, are mostly I-type in character and were likely derived from multiple types of source rock, suggesting the source was heterogeneous Triassic crust. Such a scenario is consistent with their formation in a post-collisional setting. Our new data, combined with other geological evidence, suggest that the collision between the Tianshuihai and southern Kunlun terranes occurred between ca. 250 and 240 Ma, resulting in the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys. Post-collisional tectono-magmatic events may have occurred between 240 and 200 Ma.     

基于低空无人机倾斜摄影测量在农村房屋不动产登记权籍调查中的应用

低空无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以快速获取实景三维影像,具有可量测、现实感逼真、纹理清晰等特点。该技术应用于农村房屋不动产登记权籍调查中,减少了外业实地丈量的工作量,克服了不通视房屋拐点量边的困难,可快速生成数字线划图,通过三维不动产模型可以查看测量三维数据,解决了外业调查耗时费力、界址边丈量人为误差等问题。     

基于微博数据和情感分析法的台风“米克拉”灾情过程探测

以2020年第6号台风“米克拉”为例,采集了5916条新浪微博作为数据源,综合应用隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型、文本情感分析方法和空间分析技术,挖掘、分析台风的灾情时空过程。基于LDA主题模型建立了主题-词矩阵并进行隐含主题聚类,这些微博文本被分为灾损类信息、预警类信息、防御类信息和无关信息;从主题信息和文本情感值两个角度入手,对此次台风事件网络舆情的演化过程进行分析。结果表明:“米克拉”登陆前有大量积极情感的微博,主要包含渴望降雨、降温等信息,此类微博大量分布在漳州、厦门、福州等地区;在台风入境后消极情感的微博大量增多,主要描述道路、树木等受大风和大雨影响的灾损类信息,此类信息的空间位置主要分布在漳州和厦门,能较好地反映台风灾害影响的时空分布。通过对微博主题类别和情感极性进行时空分析,实现台风灾害事件发展趋势的监测,为防灾减灾提供参考依据。     

关于带有协作/竞争机制时变积分器网络一致性的收敛速率

本文探讨了时变无向网络达到状态一致过程中的收敛速率问题.首先基于一般的时变无向网络展开研究,证明了其收敛速率随耦合权重的增加而提高.同时,给出了收敛速率的明确下界,并指出这个下界是耦合权重的线性函数.基于这些结论,本文研究了带符号网络的收敛速率问题,发现只要带有正权值的边具有（δ,T）连通性,就可以增大这些边的权重而保持其余边（带有负权值）不变,使一致性以指数的速率达到.本文的证明过程主要基于完全一致可观这一概念.另外,本文也得到了这样的结论：一致性误差值可以从系统一段时间内的相对状态值中重建.这对于分布式网络中滤波器的状态估计有一定的借鉴意义.     

华北寒武、奥陶系碳酸盐岩峡谷河道的库、坝渗漏特征分析

<正> 寒武、奥陶系碳酸盐岩是华北的主要岩溶化地层。分布在北京的西山地区,山西与河北的太行山、太岳山、吕梁山和燕山一带。这些地区的峡谷河道深切、狭窄,两侧岩壁耸立,抗风化能力强,而且在其中、下游,有较大的清水流量,为水电建设创造了良好的建坝条件。长期以来,由于库、坝渗漏问题,在寒武、奥陶系碳酸盐岩的峡谷河道地区,水电建筑不多,甚至视为禁地,不利于水电建设。      

同位素地球化学在地震监测预测研究中的应用进展

随着新观测技术和理论的进一步发展,同位素地球化学方法在地震监测预测研究中发挥了越来越重要的作用。通过同位素地球化学方法确定地下流体来源,研究地下流体循环特征,分析地震前兆异常的成因,评估地质构造活动的程度,开展地震预测研究。同位素示踪技术还可以结合深源流体监测和地球物理方法,揭示地震孕育、流体与震源之间的关系。此外,同位素地球化学还可以构建断裂带流体地球化学背景特征,用于地震监测点映震效能的评估,提高地震监测预测的准确性,为地震新监测点的布设和震情跟踪提供技术支撑。通过对现今同位素在地震监测预测中所使用的方法、技术及国内外应用情况的总结分析,力图全面认识同位素地球化学在地震监测预测应用中的现状及发展趋势。     

利用精定位小震资料反演1933年叠溪M7?地震震源断层面参数

1933年叠溪发生7?级强震,关于此次地震的发震构造存在较大争议,有些学者认为NW向松坪沟断裂是此次地震的发震构造,另有学者认为近NS向岷江断裂南段才是这次地震的发震构造。本文根据成丛小震发生在大震断层面附近的原则,利用1990-2014年精定位小震目录,根据万永革等（2008）提出的震源断层面拟合方法,反演了叠溪地震震源断层走向、倾角和位置。断层走向和倾角分别是172.8°和82.9°,倾向偏向西。本文结果更支持岷江断裂南段为叠溪地震发震构造这一结论。