全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14925篇 |
免费 | 3789篇 |
国内免费 | 5468篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2324篇 |
大气科学 | 2522篇 |
地球物理 | 2948篇 |
地质学 | 9378篇 |
海洋学 | 3401篇 |
天文学 | 220篇 |
综合类 | 1354篇 |
自然地理 | 2035篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 108篇 |
2023年 | 347篇 |
2022年 | 935篇 |
2021年 | 1145篇 |
2020年 | 970篇 |
2019年 | 1132篇 |
2018年 | 1110篇 |
2017年 | 943篇 |
2016年 | 1006篇 |
2015年 | 1087篇 |
2014年 | 1083篇 |
2013年 | 1287篇 |
2012年 | 1382篇 |
2011年 | 1345篇 |
2010年 | 1317篇 |
2009年 | 1194篇 |
2008年 | 1218篇 |
2007年 | 1174篇 |
2006年 | 998篇 |
2005年 | 830篇 |
2004年 | 657篇 |
2003年 | 407篇 |
2002年 | 462篇 |
2001年 | 450篇 |
2000年 | 399篇 |
1999年 | 285篇 |
1998年 | 123篇 |
1997年 | 126篇 |
1996年 | 109篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 64篇 |
1993年 | 72篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1954年 | 7篇 |
1933年 | 3篇 |
1925年 | 4篇 |
1923年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Glaciers and snow cover are important constituents of the surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The responses of these phenomena to global environmental changes are sensitive, rapid and intensive due to the high altitudes and arid cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on multisource remote sensing data, including Landsat images, MOD10A2 snow product, ICESat, Cryosat-2 altimetry data and long-term ground climate observations, we analysed the dynamic changes of glaciers, snow melting and lake in the Paiku Co basin using extraction methods for glaciers and lake, the degree-day model and the ice and lake volume method. The interaction among the climate, ice-snow and the hydrological elements in Paiku Co is revealed. From 2000 to 2018, the basin tended to be drier, and rainfall decreased at a rate of −3.07 mm/a. The seasonal temperature difference in the basin increased, the maximum temperature increased at a rate of 0.02°C/a and the minimum temperature decreased at a rate of −0.06°C/a, which accelerated the melting from glaciers and snow at rates of 0.55 × 107 m3/a and 0.29 × 107 m3/a, respectively. The rate of contribution to the lake from rainfall, snow and glacier melted water was 55.6, 27.7 and 16.7%, respectively. In the past 18 years, the warmer and drier climate has caused the lake to shrink. The water level of the lake continued to decline at a rate of −0.02 m/a, and the lake water volume decreased by 4.85 × 108 m3 at a rate of −0.27 × 108 m3/a from 2000 to 2018. This evaluation is important for understanding how the snow and ice melting in the central Himalayas affect the regional water cycle. 相似文献
2.
Daniel Lane Colin P.R. McCarter Murray Richardson Chris McConnell Tim Field Huaxia Yao George Arhonditsis Carl P.J. Mitchell 《水文研究》2020,34(3):598-614
The estimation of hydrologic transit times in a catchment provides insights into the integrated effects of water storage, mixing dynamics, and runoff generation processes. There has been limited effort to estimate transit times in southern boreal Precambrian Shield landscapes, which are characteristically heterogeneous with surface cover including till, thin soils, bedrock outcrops, and depressional wetland features that play contrasting hydrologic roles. This study presents approximately 3.5 years of precipitation and streamflow water isotope data and estimates mean transit times (MTTs) and the young water fraction (py) across six small catchments in the Muskoka-Haliburton region of south-central Ontario. The main objectives were to define a typical range of MTTs for headwater catchments in this region and to identify landscape variables that best explain differences in MTTs/py using airborne light detection and ranging and digital terrain analysis. Of the transit time distributions, the two parallel linear reservoir and gamma distributions best describe the hydrology of these catchments, particularly because of their ability to capture more extreme changes related to events such as snowmelt. The estimated MTTs, regardless of the modelling approach or distribution used, are positively associated with the percent wetland area and negatively with mean slope in the catchments. In this landscape, low-gradient features such as wetlands increase catchment scale water storage when antecedent conditions are dryer and decrease transit times when there is a moisture surplus, which plausibly explains the increases in MTTs and mean annual runoff from catchments with significant coverage of these landscape features. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
隧道工程地质评价的内容和方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
结合工程隧道实际,首先阐述了隧道工程的基本地质环境和工程地质条件,然后针对隧道工程可能出现的不良地质现象和可采取的工程措施,从大气降水、围岩稳定、围岩压力、洞口稳定、隧道比选等角度探讨隧道工程地质评价的主要方法和一般内容,进行隧道工程地质评价,为隧道施工、支护提供了依据. 相似文献
6.
The Tamtsag Basin is located in the extreme eastern portion of the Mongolia. The Basin and its counterpart in China (the Hailar Basin) are united a whole basin on the structural setting. In recent years, the Tamtsag Basin attracts more and more attention with the important exploration discovered in the 19th block by SOCO and in Hailar Basin of China. This paper discusses the exploration potential of Tamtsag Basin from the viewpoint of petroleum geology. 相似文献
7.
An elastoplastic model for sands is presented in this paper, which can describe stress–strain behaviour dependent on mean effective stress level and void ratio. The main features of the proposed model are: (a) a new state parameter, which is dependent on the initial void ratio and initial mean stress, is proposed and applied to the yield function in order to predict the plastic deformation for very loose sands; and (b) another new state parameter, which is used to determine the peak strength and describe the critical state behaviour of sands during shearing, is proposed in order to predict simply negative/positive dilatancy and the hardening/softening behaviour of medium or dense sands. In addition, the proposed model can also predict the stress–strain behaviour of sands under three-dimensional stress conditions by using a transformed stress tensor instead of ordinary stress tensor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
The effect of ocean wave breaking as a non-Bragg mechanism on backscattering cross-section and modulation transfer functions (MTF) of radar was investigated based on Bragg resonance theory and parametric method. The result showed that the additional effect of wave breaking on backscattering cross-section is not more than 20% except for the small incident angle of VV polarized electromagnetic (e.m.) wave but is significant for HH polarized e.m. wave. Breaking waves lead to increase in the modulus of tilt modulation MTF and the larger the wind speed, the faster the increase. For large incident angle, the modulus of tilt modulation MTF with wave breaking decreases quickly with incident angle for HH polarization and approach to that without wave breaking for VV polarization. The hydrodynamic MTF increases 30%-60% when considering wave breaking and the increase is larger for HH polarization than for VV polarization. 相似文献