俯冲带岩浆与岩石的相互作用：关于俯冲板块,地幔,地壳的实验研究

通过对下四种环境中岩浆混染作用的实验研究：（１）俯冲板块之上；（２）地幔－陆壳边界界之下和（３）地幔－际壳边界之上；（４）浅部地壳内。用含Ｈ２Ｏ硅质熔体橄榄岩或角闪岩之间反应的一系列清楚的边界确定了；（１）混染熔体内的扩散断面和（２）二种物质之质的结晶反应带。由含Ｈ２Ｏ的橄榄岩－英云闪长岩－花岗岩混合物确定了一些相界，这些相界能区分从俯冲板块中产生的并经过地幔上升的熔体的混染程度和与橄榄岩（如堆积     

Domestic and international arrivals of NOBOB (no ballast on board) vessels to lower Chesapeake Bay

In examining ship-mediated biological invasions, most research and treatment development has focused on ballast water. Another vector that has gained attention recently is vessels arriving in a "no ballast on board" (NOBOB) condition. Such ships retain relatively small, unpumpable volumes of water and sediment in their ballast tanks. Nonetheless, these unpumpable portions can represent great ecological risk. This scenario is relevant in the Great Lakes, which have experienced a dramatic series of introductions, despite most vessels arriving there as NOBOBs since 1994. We examined shipping patterns of NOBOBs arriving to lower Chesapeake Bay to begin evaluating their risk of biopollution. Only 14% of ships arrive as NOBOBs, and of those, 17% depart to another port in the upper bay. Most NOBOBs arrive from or leave for other US ports; proximate trans-Atlantic crossings are few. Given the nature of their operations, we conclude NOBOBs may represent a risk for aquatic nuisance species invasions to Chesapeake Bay.     

Andvord冰碛：一种新的内陆架沉积类型：南极半岛冰川海洋沉积体系

对沿南极半岛太平洋边缘的冰川海洋沉积作用进行的研究表明,目前该区域的入海冰川形成的沉积物很少。这与限制融水向峡湾入口输入的副极地气候至极地气候区域有关,但南设得兰群岛除外。与更温暖的阿拉斯加和智利峡湾相比,这里发现的沉积物很薄,多数峡湾的地震反射剖面支持了这种解释。然而,这种假说只是根据南极沿海地区零星的地震覆盖区得出的。因此,就象ＰａｌｍｅｒＤｅｅｐ地区的内陆架证实的那样,地震资料不能满足第四纪沉积物序列的分辨率。这里,我们提供了南极南Ｇｅｒｌａｃｈｅ海峡和Ａｎｄｖｏｒｄ海湾中进行的高分辨率地…     

Evaluation of mussel immune responses as indicators of contamination in San Francisco Bay

Several immune parameters were evaluated in two species of mussels (Mytilus californianus and M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus) as bioindicators of contaminant effects. The mussels were deployed in San Francisco Bay Estuary and a control site at Bodega Marine Laboratory. Assays for phagocytosis and phagocytic index (average number of particles engulfed per hemocyte) were conducted with hemocytes in their own hemolymph-the "Serum" method. The responses were compared with contaminant concentrations in those mussels. For both species, the contaminated South Bay Dumbarton Bridge and Redwood Creek sites had elevated phagocytosis relative to the Bodega control site, indicating contaminant stress. The results also showed that M. californianus had higher percentages of phagocytosis (74%) and a higher phagocytic index (4.6 particles per cell) than those of M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus (60% phagocytosis and 3.5 particles per cell). As there is a difference in immune response to contaminants, it is suggested that future San Francisco Estuary monitoring should be conducted with endemic M. galloprovincialis/M. trossulus rather than with the currently utilized M. californianus, which is not found in the estuary.     

Differences in language retention between males and females in the USSR, 1970

"Among certain ethnic groups in the USSR, males and females have different levels of retention of the native language. Male and female levels vary inside and outside the home territory depending on the general strength of the language, ethnic rights in the place of residence, and migrant versus non-migrant status. Additional distinctions correspond to cultural divisions, principally Moslem versus non-Moslem."     

The Radio Supernebula in NGC 5253

It was recently pointed out that the distribution of times between solar flares (the flare waiting-time distribution) follows a power law for long waiting times. Based on 25 years of soft X-ray flares observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite instruments, it is shown that (1) the waiting-time distribution of flares is consistent with a time-dependent Poisson process and (2) the fraction of time the Sun spends with different flaring rates approximately follows an exponential distribution. The second result is a new phenomenological law for flares. It is shown analytically how the observed power-law behavior of the waiting times originates in the exponential distribution of flaring rates. These results are argued to be consistent with a nonstationary avalanche model for flares.     

VLA Imaging of the Disk Surrounding the Nearby Young Star TW Hydrae

The TW Hydrae system is perhaps the closest analog to the early solar nebula. We have used the Very Large Array to image TW Hya at wavelengths of 7 mm and 3.6 cm with resolutions of 0&farcs;1 ( approximately 5 AU) and 1&farcs;0 ( approximately 50 AU), respectively. The 7 mm emission is extended and appears dominated by a dusty disk of radius greater than 50 AU surrounding the star. The 3.6 cm emission is unresolved and likely arises from an ionized wind or gyrosynchrotron activity. The dust spectrum and spatially resolved 7 mm images of the TW Hya disk are fitted by a simple model with temperature and surface density described by radial power laws, T&parl0;r&parr0;~r-0.5 and Sigma&parl0;r&parr0;~r-1. These properties are consistent with an irradiated gaseous accretion disk of mass approximately 0.03 M middle dot in circle with an accretion rate approximately 10-8 M middle dot in circle yr-1 and viscosity parameter alpha=0.01. The estimates of mass and mass accretion rates are uncertain since the gas-to-dust ratio in the TW Hya disk may have evolved from the standard interstellar value.