裂陷盆地与强拆离盆地：陆内伸展盆地的两个端元

大陆伸展构造体系具有两种端元特征，即裂谷环境和强烈的伸展地体。这些不同的构造样式形成并被记录在不同的伸展盆地中，陆内的裂陷作用通常出现在具有正常地壳厚度和热均衡的地区。裂陷沉降普遍伴随阗碱性－拉斑玄武岩岩浆活动具有大倾角的边界断层，小于１ｍｍ／ａ的滑移速率，以及小幅度伸展特征。     

热带气旋转向的观测分析

此文用21年(1957-1977)的北太平洋探空资料,研究了大尺度天气型与热带气旋转向前和转向期间的环境场相互作用的问题。这是首次对对流层各层环境风场与热带气旋转向前和转向期间的关系所进行的定量研究。结果发现,热带气旋转向前1-2天,气旋北方、西北方对流层高层的纬向风场有明显的变化。气旋的转向,实际上是当正纬向风在距气旋中心6°时穿入中高对流层开始转向的。如在这个半径出现负纬向风就不会转向。     

针对玉米的作物特性的干旱指数

目前广泛使用的农业干旱指标如帕尔默干旱严重程度指数和作物水分指数都没有考虑定作物对干旱事件的响应，因此，由ＰＤＳＩ及ＣＭＩ等指数得到的值都不能直接把干旱对作物生产及产量的影响联系起来，该文提出了一个新的干旱指数，它针对某一种作物且考虑了作物特定生长过程中的水分利用，研制作物特性干旱指数（简称ＣＳＤＩ）使用了内由拉斯加州中东部作物报千区８年的资料，并用该ＣＲＤ另外１０年资料，密苏里州东北部ＣＲＤ９年     

An evaluation of marine bird population trends following the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska

We examined post-spill trends (1989-1998) of marine bird populations in Prince William Sound (PWS) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) to evaluate recovery of injured taxa. Two criteria were employed. First, we examined population trends of injured taxa only in the oiled area of PWS using regression models. Second, we examined population trends of injured taxa in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area using homogeneity of the slopes tests. We considered a population recovering if there was a positive trend using either criteria. We considered a population not recovering if there was no trend using either criteria or a negative trend in the oiled area. A significant negative trend in the oiled area relative to the unoiled area was considered a continuing and increasing effect. Most taxa for which injury was previously demonstrated were not recovering and some taxa showed evidence of increasing effects nine years after the oil spill. Four taxa (loons Gavia spp, Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus, Bufflehead Bucephala spp, and North-western Crow Corvus caurinus) showed weak to very weak evidence of recovery. None of these taxa showed positive trends in both winter and summer. Nine taxa (grebes Podiceps spp, cormorants Phalacrocorax spp, Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani, Mew Gull Larus canus, Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens, terns Sterna spp, murres Uria spp, Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba, and murrelets Brachyramphus spp) showed no evidence of recovery during summer or winter. Four taxa (scoters Melanitta spp, mergansers Mergus spp, goldeneyes Bucephala spp, and Black-legged Kittiwaka Rissa tridactyla) showed evidence of continuing, increasing effects. We showed evidence of slow recovery, lack of recovery, and divergent population trends in many taxa which utilize shoreline and nearshore habitats where oil is likely to persist. Potential lingering spill effects and natural variability appear to be acting in concert in delaying recovery of many PWS bird populations.