潮湿环境下古代土遗址的原位保护加固研究

古遗址的保护是文物保护工作中最复杂的问题之一,而土质文物是文物保护中最难保护的文物,所以古代土遗址的保护已在国际上被列为专门的保护项目,而处于潮湿环境下的古代土遗址保护的课题在文化遗产实物和遗迹就地保存和展示领域就更为迫切。浙江良渚文化是中国新石器时代长江流域最重要的史前文化, 塘山遗址位于良渚文化遗址的西北部,选择了PS（硅酸钾）、WD－10（十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷）、WD－S（低聚甲氧基硅烷）、RTV（聚有机硅氧烷+硅酸乙酯）4种保护材料对塘山遗址进行了保护加固实验研究。室内实验和现场实验（2个月,6个月,9个月）的结果都表明,RTV和WD-10防水性优于WD-S,WD-10和WD-S材料仅能作为防水材料,PS材料仅能作为加固材料使用,而RTV则具有较好的加固和防水效果,且加样量越大,强度提高越多。     

草酸钙生物矿化膜的形成机理和化学仿制－－一种新型石质文物表面防护材料的开发研究

已经发现一些年代久远的含钙岩石表面有一层天然生成的矿化膜，矿化膜保护下的石刻文字可以历经上千年的风雨而保持完好。本工作探讨了这种膜的组成和来源。膜的样品用FTIR、PLM、EDAX、SEM和TEM进行了分析。检测发现天然矿化膜的主要成分为草酸钙，许多证据表明这是一种生物矿化膜。本文讨论了膜的形成机理。为了开发新型石质文物表面防护材料，我们在实验室中用化学仿制的方法在含钙岩石上生成了这种保护膜，同时研究了膜的生成条件与保护效果之间的关系。     

Distribution and Origin of Underground Water Chemical Fields in Songliao Continental Oil—Bearing Sedimentary Basin

There are many factors affecting ungerground water chemistry of an oil-bearing sedimentary basin.The properties of underground water show variations in the vertical direction, giving rise to a vertical zonation with respect to underground water chemistry,Five zones could be divided downwards,including 1)The freshening zone due to meteoric water leaching (A):2)the evaporation-concentration zone near the surface(B);3) the freshening zone due to stratum compaction-released water(C1)-infiltration-concentration zone during the mudstone compaction and water releasing(C2);4) the freshening zone for clay mineral dehydration(D);and 5)the seepage-concentration zone(E).The hydrodynamic fields in the Songliao Basin are obviously asymmetrical,with the characteristics of gravity-induced centripetal flow recharged by meteoric water along the edge to the inner part of the basin mainly in its northern and eastern regions,centrifugal flow and crossformational flow in the center of the basin,as well as the cross-formation flow-evaporation discharge area in its southern area.Hydrodynamics controls the planar distribution of underground-water chemical fields;1)the freshening area due to penetrating meteoric water generally at the basin edges;2)the freshening area for mudstone compaction-released water at the center of the basin;3) the cross-formational area as the transitional aqrea;and 4)the concentration area by cross-formational flow and evaporation.The mineralization degree and the concentrations of Na^ and Cl^- and their salinity coefficeents tend to increase,while the concentrations of(CO3^2- HCO3^-) and SO4^2- and the metamorphism and desulfuration coefficients tend to decrease along the centrifugal flow direction caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area.But all of them tend to increase along the gravity-induced centripetal flow direction.     

钙基液态水硬性加固剂用于潮湿土遗址的加固保护

通过对钙基液态水硬性加固剂的研制,对潮湿环境土遗址的加固保护进行了探索性研究。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析结果表明,已成功制出了潮湿土样水硬性加固所需的纳米材料。同时,研究发现,氢氧化钙在650 ℃下用马弗炉煅烧1.5 h后,可得到直径约50 nm、长度约200 nm的针状二次生石灰;这种二次生石灰经水消化后,会成为粒径在200～300 nm左右、大小十分均匀的扁平椭圆状纳米氢氧化钙颗粒;氧化钙在密封陈化一段时间后,也可使氢氧化钙的粒径达到纳米级。土样加固试验的结果显示,纳米石灰的乙醇分散液的渗透性优于分析纯氢氧化钙,钙基水硬性加固剂对潮湿土样的加固效果较为明显,有望成为一种适合于潮湿环境土遗址加固的新型材料。