黄河下游河相关系与平滩流量特征关系的随机演化模拟

Extreme weather is an important noise factor in affecting dynamic access to river morphology information.The response characteristics of river channel on climate disturbances draw us to develop a method to investigate the dynamic evolution of bankfull channel geometries(including the hydraulic geometry variables and bankfull discharges)with stochastic differential equations in this study.Three different forms of random inputs,including single Gaussian white noise and compound Gaussian/Fractional white noise plus Poisson noise,are explored respectively on the basis of the classical deterministic models.The model parameters are consistently estimated by applying a composite nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)method.Results of the model application in the Lower Yellow River reveal the potential responses of bankfull channel geometries to climate disturbances in a probabilistic way,and,the calculated average trends mainly run to synchronize with the measured values.Comparisons among the three models confirm the advantage of Fractional jump-diffusion model,and through further discussion,stream power based on such a model is concluded as a better systematic measure of river dynamics.The proposed method helps to offer an effective tool for analyzing fluvial relationships and improves the ability of crisis management of river system under varying environment conditions.     

衡水湖国家自然保护区生态敏感性分析

衡水湖自然保护区是华北地区第一个内陆淡水湿地国家级自然保护区,具有独特的自然景观,生物资源十分丰富,但近年来区内的人类活动对其生态环境产生了严重影响。应用生态因子评分方法对保护区进行生态敏感性分析,首先将保护区划分为13个生态单元,依据原则(科学性、代表性、可行性以及定量性等原则)并结合实际选择出评价因子,然后进行各生态单元的自然因素生态敏感性分析和社会因素生态敏感性分析,在此基础上进行保护区的生态敏感性综合分析。依据计算结果,将保护区中各生态单元划分为最敏感区、一般敏感区和弱敏感区3个等级,明确了生态敏感性的区域分异特征,为该区今后合理的产业布局、区域生态环境保护提供了科学依据。     

氮素和水分添加对贝加尔针茅草原土壤氨氧化微生物群落结构的影响（英文）

应用PCR-DGGE技术研究了连续2年氮素、水分添加处理对贝加尔针茅草原土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)16S r RNA基因和古菌(AOA)amo A基因遗传多样性的影响。结果表明,土壤硝化势在水分添加低氮(N30)和非水分添加高氮(N300)处理下较对照显著升高(P0.05),在水分添加高氮(N200、N300)处理下较对照急剧下降(P0.05)。不同处理下氨氧化细菌的群落结构变化较氨氧化古菌敏感,氮素添加显著改变了氨氧化微生物的群落结构,在高氮素处理下,氨氧化细菌的多样性指数有下降的趋势,而古菌的多样性则有升高的趋势,表明氨氧化古菌在高氮素下生长比较活跃。发育树分析的结果表明,非水分添加处理下,氨氧化细菌的群落由亚硝化螺菌属的Cluster 1、Cluster 3和Cluster 4组成,水分添加处理下由亚硝化螺菌属Cluster 3、Cluster 4和亚硝化单胞菌属的Cluster 6组成,而氨氧化古菌群落在水分添加处理下主要由泉古菌门的Cluster 1、Cluster 2和water lineage组成,在非水分添加处理下主要由泉古菌门的Cluster 1、Cluster 2和Cluster 5组成,两种水分输入机制下,氨氧化微生物群落的不同组成说明,水分在调节氨氧化微生物群落结构方面有重要作用。此外,氨氧化细菌群落多样性与全氮,NH4+和NO3-的含量呈显著负相关,而古菌群落与其呈显著正相关,说明氨氧化细菌与古菌对氮素和水分添加有不同的且互补的反应机制。     

河南南召县银洞山铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征

银洞山铅锌矿床位于豫西南马市坪铅锌银矿集区,地处栾川—维摩寺断裂带南侧,矿体赋存于栾川群煤窑沟组,区内岩浆活动频繁,构造作用复杂,为成矿有利的地段。通过对其矿床地质特征、微量-稀土元素蛛网图、硫同位素、铅同位素地球化学特征进行分析,认为该矿床成因是与岩浆岩作用有关的岩浆热液型矿床。