辽西北票(金-羊)盆地北票组层序地层及沉积体系特征

为揭示北票(金-羊)盆地内北票组层序地层特征及沉积体系分布规律,应用层序地层学及沉积学理论和方法,综合利用野外露头、剖面等资料,建立了北票(金-羊)盆地北票组的层序地层格架,确定研究区的沉积相类型及分布规律。研究结果表明,北票(金-羊)盆地北票组可划分为2个三级层序,其内部可进一步划分为7个准层序组。在层序内识别出冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、湖泊3个沉积相。明确了沉积相的分布规律,向上形成由冲积扇到辫状河三角洲,再到湖相,最后是辫状河三角洲的沉积体系;平面上呈近北西—南东向展布的沉积体系,整体构成2个水进、水退的沉积体系。古地貌影响了底部冲积扇相沉积物的沉积特征。气候不仅影响了沉积物类型,且和湖平面变化共同控制了沉积物的演化规律。     

辽东石庙沟岩体岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

辽东石庙沟地区位于华北陆块东部的辽吉造山/活动带上,该带经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,记录了多期岩浆-构造-变质事件。石庙沟岩体为花岗斑岩,富SiO₂、Na₂O和K₂O,贫CaO、MgO及Al₂O₃,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ti、Ta、P）,富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba、U）,A/CNK值大于1,REE配分曲线呈"海鸥"式分布,以具有显著的负Eu异常为特征,高Ga/Al值,与典型A型花岗岩特征一致。花岗斑岩中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明其成岩年龄为（123.0±1.6）Ma,为早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素分析表明,ε_Hf（t）值均为负值,介于-15.72~-12.85之间,平均值为-14.14,二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）在2 164~1 989 Ma之间,平均为2 067 Ma,反映源岩以大陆壳成分为主。结合花岗斑岩高SiO₂,低Mg、Co、Cr、Ni,且富集LREE和LILE,亏损HFSE等特征,表明早白垩世花岗斑岩岩浆应为大陆地壳物质熔融的产物。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究认为,早白垩世花岗斑岩是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲所形成的活动大陆边缘弧花岗岩。研究区早白垩世花岗斑岩的形成主要受太平洋构造域的影响,形成环境受板块俯冲造山后伸展作用和下地壳拆沉作用的联合制约,是辽东地区岩石圈减薄的直接证据。     

Defining physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference conditions in northeast eco-region lakes, China

Establishing reference conditions for regional lakes is necessary to assess human impact on aquatic ecosystems, protect water quality and biotic integrity. The northeast eco-region lakes often present a marked seasonal variability in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes, which could affect physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference conditions. Reference conditions were calculated using two different methods: lake population distribution method and trisection method. General physico-chemical reference conditions (pH, conductivity, BOD and nutrients) and chlorophyll-a, and Secchi depth reference conditions were established using the two approaches combined with the analysis of seasonal variability for each parameter for shallow and deep lake types in the northeast eco-region lakes. The results indicated that depth was an important factor affecting physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference values. Moreover, the seasonal differences in parameters were also assessed using a non-parametric repeated measure ANOVA (Friedman test) in the shallow and deep lakes. Some parameters showed a seasonal variability for shallow and deep lakes. The least restrictive reference values of the four seasons were proposed to simplify the water quality assessment for regional lake management goals. These results indicated that the 50th percentile (median) value from the best one-third of the nutrient-concentration data distributions is more appropriate for the northeast eco-region lakes.     

辽东王家堡子地区古元古代花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

辽东王家堡子地区出露大量古元古代花岗质岩石,前人将其统称为花岗质混杂岩。通过详细的野外地质调查和室内综合研究,将该套花岗质混杂岩解体为条痕状黑云母二长花岗岩和片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩两类。岩石地球化学分析结果显示二者具有一致的地球化学特征。均显示高SiO_2、富K_2O、贫Al_2O_3的特征,K_2O/Na_2O=0.64～2.14,TiO_2含量为0.16%～0.3%,MnO、MgO、CaO和P_2O_5的含量较低,铝指数A/CNK集中分布在1.06～1.1之间,A/NK在1.50～1.62之间,均属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素显示强烈亏损Nb、Ti、Ta等高场强元素,富集Rb、U、K等大离子亲石元素,具有明显的负Eu异常,具有A型花岗岩的特征。条痕状黑云母二长花岗岩大部分锆石为具有清晰振荡环带的岩浆锆石,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为2188±13Ma,代表该岩石的岩浆结晶年龄。片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩大部分锆石具有明显的变质增生边,部分核部锆石具有清晰的振荡环带,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得核部年龄为2214±16Ma,代表该岩石的岩浆结晶年龄;增生边年龄为1905±13Ma,应代表该岩石的变质年龄。条痕状黑云母二长花岗岩和片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩的Hf同位素模式年龄分别为2387～2584Ma和2474～2641Ma,平均地壳模式年龄分别为2495～2808Ma和2633～2868Ma,大于岩石形成年龄,暗示研究区古元古代花岗岩源区主要为太古宙基底,混有少量古元古代新生地壳。结合前人报道的埃达克质花岗闪长岩的形成环境,认为胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带早期经历了2.2～2.15Ga的拉伸裂解过程和2.0Ga左右俯冲挤压的构造演化过程。     

福建沿海养殖贝类体石油烃总量水平的分布特征

对福建沿海6种主要养殖贝类体石油烃总量水平的分布特征进行了探讨.结果表明：福建沿海6种养殖贝类体石油烃总量水平范围在2.57 mg/kg.wet～61.5 mg/kg.wet之间,总平均10.5 mg/kg.wet其受测样品石油烃总量水平的频率分布,含量在5.00mg/kg～15.0mg/kg范围的样品占81.3%;其石油烃污染指数范围在0.2～4.0之间,总平均0.7,总体属轻度污染.福建沿海6种养殖贝类体石油烃总量水平的种间分布,缢蛏〉僧帽牡蛎〉翡翠贻贝〉太平洋牡蛎〉泥蚶〉菲律宾蛤子.其石油烃总量水平的空间分布,由闽南海区向闽中海区和闽东海区呈明显递减之势;其石油烃总量水平的时空分布,在2002-2004年间总体呈微弱上升之势,但缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎体石油烃含量的年际升幅比其它4种养殖贝类体的升幅大且较明显.     

青海卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床地球化学特征与成矿物质来源

为了解卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床的物质来源, 探讨其成岩、成矿机制, 通过现场调查, 结合矿床地质成矿条件, 对矿区典型的岩浆岩、围岩及矿石进行了主量元素、微量元素分析及S、Pb同位素分析.结果表明: 矿区岩体属中酸性岩, 为高钾钙碱性系列岩石, 源于深部, 上侵时受地壳混染, 具同源特征.不同地质体稀土配分曲线均为右倾轻稀土富集型, 岩浆岩、矽卡岩和矿石为同一成矿系统.微量元素地球化学显示矿区花岗岩产于火山弧环境.矿石硫同位素δ34S_CDT值为4.4×10-3~11.0×10-3, 处于岩浆硫跟围岩混合硫范围内, 成矿物质具多源性.矿石铅同位素Th/U值范围为3.46~3.69, μ值为9.46~9.52, 均低于9.58, 介于地壳与原始地幔值之间, 反应矿石铅具深源铅和壳源铅特征.铅同位素特征参数示踪、构造模式示踪和Δβ-Δγ图解示踪的结果表明: 铅来源与岩浆作用有关, 以壳源铅为主并混合少量深源地幔铅.总结矿床地球化学特征表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆, 少量来源于周围地层.矿区岩体成矿演化过程复杂, 在岩体中形成斑岩型铜、钼矿化, 在与碳酸盐岩接触带形成矽卡岩型铅、锌矿化, 及至后期热液作用形成中低温热液脉型金矿化, 是一个多因复成矿床.      

Polychlorinated biphenyls residues in surface sediments of the eutrophic Chaohu Lake (China): characteristics, risk, and correlation with trophic status

Twenty-eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners were measured in surface sediments from Chaohu Lake to assess their characteristics, potential risk, and the correlation with lake trophic status. PCB levels ranged from 11.074 to 42.712 ng g^?1 dry weight (d.w.) in the western lake and 2.017 to 20.189 ng g^?1 d.w. in the eastern lake. The highest concentrations were found at the sites near the inlets of western lake tributary rivers where big cities and industrial centers are located. Congeners concentrations showed decreasing order of tetra-CB > tri-CB > deca-CB (PCB-209 detected) > penta-CB > hexa-CB > di-CB > hepta-CB > Octa-CB. It indicated that light and heavy Aroclor mixtures were simultaneously used surrounding the lake basin. PCB levels in the western lake are potentially dangerous to humans and the local fauna. There was a significant positive relationship between tetra-CB (one abundant PCB congener) concentration distribution and sediment grain size in the 16–64 μm fraction, whereas a negative correlation was found in the 4–8 μm fraction. Furthermore, PCB distributions were positively correlated with the total organic carbon of sediments and lake trophic status, especially in the more seriously polluted western lake zone. However, the correlation completely disappeared in eastern lake zone. It suggested that PCB contamination might be attributed to industrial wastewaters and domestic sewages from western lake basin, reaching the lake through rivers, rains and floods.     

Structure equation model-based approach for determining lake nutrient standards in Yungui Plateau ecoregion and Eastern Plain ecoregion lakes,China

Predictive nutrient criteria method, combined with expert elicitation and structural equation model (SEM), was proposed in this study for establishing lake nutrient standard in Chinese lakes (Yungui Plateau ecoregion and Eastern Plain ecoregion). Expert elicitation was involved to quantify the probability of attainment of the designated-use (drinking water source) based on monitoring data. The experts scoring results were introduced to SEM to assess predictive relationships between candidate standard variables and the designated-use attainment. In Yungui ecoregion, the standardized effects of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (TP) on designated-use attainment were ?0.41, ?0.14, and ?0.43, respectively. These result demonstrated that the two most predictive indicators for designated-use attainment were TP and Chl-a. In Eastern ecoregion, the standardized effects of TP, total nitrogen (TN), dissolved oxygen and water temperature (T) on designated-use attainment were 0.77, ?0.12, 0.13 and ?0.02, respectively. The most predictive indicator was TP. The model was further used for estimating the designated-use attainment associated with various levels of candidate standards. TP, TN, Chl-a and Secchi depth (SD) were selected as standard indicators in Yungui ecoregion. TP, TN, and Chl-a were selected in Eastern ecoregion. In order to achieve the 85 % designated-use attainment, standard values of TP, TN, Chl-a and SD in Yungui ecoregion would be 0.02 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 1.4 μg/L, and 0.581 m; and standards of TP, TN, and Chl-a in Eastern ecoregion would be 0.039 mg/L, 0.95 mg/L, and 1.75 μg/L, respectively. Finally, the differences between standards in these two ecoregions were also analyzed.     

岩溶脆弱生态区农业可持续发展模式创新构想——岩溶流水养鱼生态沟驱动模式

以贵州省为例,借鉴传统农业开发模式,充分挖掘岩溶区资源优势,通过改造传统养鱼业,提升产品质量,将生态农业开发、特色冷水鱼养殖、生态环境保护与旅游业“串并”结合,实现融合互动,提出岩溶区农业可持续发展新模式——岩溶流水养鱼生态沟驱动模式.进而阐述其概念和内涵,在此基础上,从资源依托性、经济价值、生态效应、交通和市场角度,分析该模式在岩溶区实施的可行性.研究表明:岩溶流水养鱼生态沟驱动模式是有别于岩溶区传统农业发展模式的创新模式,在岩溶区具有推广的可行性以及生态和经济价值,是充分利用当地资源,使农业增产,农民