CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER

The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed byusing daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stationsfrom January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well asTBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset dateof summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than thenormal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and thenpropagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows thatthere is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches ofYangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical westernPacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lagcorrelation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropicalwestern Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulationwith a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descendingregion of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical highover western Pacific and vice versa.     

青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化及其与大气环流的关系(英文)

本文使用１９６１～１９９５年逐月青藏高原地区大气机热量源汇＜Ｑ１＞资料、１９６１～１９９０年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ的再分析资料以及１９７５～１９９４年全球ＯＬＲ资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ｑ１＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱（或强）时，东亚大槽位置偏东（或西），对应着东亚强（或弱）的冬季风；夏季高原热源强（或弱）的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流（或反气旋环流），在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风（或东北风），对应着东亚强（或弱）的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季４月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关。     

近四十年我国气候变化的初步分析

本文对近四十年来我国的气候变化作了一个初步分析。结果表明，众所周知的全球增暖在我国只反映在东北、华北和西北西部地区；大约35°N以南，南岭以北，青藏高原以东地区是变冷区，变冷中心在四川、陕南和滇北；在全球温室效应下，高低纬变湿和中纬变干，而我国则大部分地区变干，华北和西北变干更明显。我国气候变化特点和全球增暖趋势有许多不一致，这一点值得引起我国气候学家的注意。     

Preliminary Analysis of Climatic Variation during the Last 39 Years in China

The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The warming only occurs in Northeast, North and the west part of Northwest China while the areas between about 35°N and Nanling Mountain, east of the Tibetan Plateau in China are getting cooler. The cooling centers are located in Sichuan, the south part of Shaanxi and the north part of Yunnan respectively. According to the theory of greenhouse effect, there are much precipitation at low and high latitudes and less precipitation in middle latitude. However, the precipitation in the most parts of China has been decreased, especially in North and Northwest China.     

东亚地区秋季水汽输送特征及水汽源地分析

用1980～1997年垂直积分的水汽输送通量资料,分析了秋季东亚地区大尺度水汽输送演变的气候特征以及主要水汽源地,结果表明:秋季各个月东亚大陆的主要水汽来源地并不相同,9月主要来源于孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋地区;10～11月主要来源于南海、西太平洋地区。从夏季型到冬季型水汽输送的转换特征表现为:来自南半球的越赤道输送的显著减弱、消失直至转向,东亚南支偏西风水汽输送的逐渐建立,赤道太平洋地区的偏东风水汽输送的加强西进。秋季亚洲季风区范围最大的强水汽源地位于南海、西太平洋地区(115～120°E,15～25°N)。     

东亚地区的大气辐射能的收支(一)——地球和大气的太阳辐射能收支

本文是讨论东亚地区大气辐射能收支研究工作的第一部分,讨论了以下三个问题: (1)本文利用文献[1]的水汽各吸收带的吸收光谱实验资料,求得了一个适合于手算的水汽对太阳辐射的总吸收能量公式(公式(6))。并把式(6)与Mugge—Moller公式进行了比较。 (2)利用公式(6),计算了东亚地区39个测站1,7月自地面到100毫巴各气层对太阳辐射的吸收能量,及其对大气的加温率。本文还进一步考虑了云的订正、大气对地面反射辐射的吸收,而求得了东亚地区对流层大气吸收能量的分布。 (3)利用1958—1960年中国地区的一些地面总辐射和反射率观测资料,以及本文计算的大气中各种吸牧能量,讨论了中国地区行星反射率的分布和地球大气系统中各种太阳辐射能的收支。     

东亚地区大气辐射能收支(二)——晴天大气长波辐射和晴天大气辐射差额

本文系讨论东亚地区大气辐射能收支的第二部分,共讨论了以下几个问题: 1.Elsasser辐射图解资料的应用及其资料的可靠性; 2.计算了东亚地区36个站的各气层大气长波辐射的收支及长波辐射冷却率分布; 3.对流层内各层大气的辐射差额及其辐射冷却率。     

THE MEDIUM-RANGE VARIATIONS OF THE SUMMER MONSOON CIRCULATION SYSTEM OVER EAST ASIA

The Asian monsoon circulation system can be divided into two subsystems, i.e., the East Asian monsoon system(EA MS) and the Indian monsoon system (IMS). In this paper the main elements including the Indian monsoon trough, the South Asian high. the upper easterly jet etc. and the interactions between EAMS and IMS arc dealt with. The basic emphasis is put on the medium-range variations of the EAMS. Some significant results arc obtained.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR THE IMPACT OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY

By using a three-level atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM),we have completed severalnumerical experiments to study the impacts of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and antarctic icecover anomaly (AICA) during 1981—1983 on climate variability.The results show that during the ElNino period of 1982—1983 the impact of SSTA overrides that of AICA.SSTA mainly affects equatorialzonal circulation and produces PNA wave train,and SE-NW wave train in East Asia to influence theweather of China.AICA produces west-east anomalous vortex streets in the middle latitudes of bothhemispheres and affects the intensity of the polar vortex of Southern Hemisphere.     

青藏高原冬季热状况对赤道太平洋纬向风异常的影响

用经过改进的CCM 1动力气候模式研究了冬季青藏高原上空大气热源汇异常对太平洋纬向风异常的影响, 发现: (1) 当青藏高原1~3月份大气冷源加强时, 在对流层低层出现围绕青藏高原的异常反气旋, 随后的月份在中国大陆沿海出现异常的北风, 西太平洋出现异常气旋. 随后, 西太平洋赤道出现异常西风并向东扩展到东太平洋; (2) 当青藏高原1~3月份大气冷源异常减弱时, 首先在低层出现一个围绕青藏高原的异常气旋, 随后在西太平洋出现异常反气旋, 并向西南移动, 引起赤道太平洋地区的异常东风, 并向东传播. 此外青藏高原冬季和初春冷源强弱还可以引起赤道印度洋的纬向风的异常变化, 因而冬季青藏高原大气冷热源异常可以作为亚洲冬季风和ENSO之间的桥梁.