THE ATMOSPHERIC HEAT BUDGET IN SUMMER OVER ASIA MONSOON AREA

For better understanding the mechanism of monsoon formation and designing the numerical simulation of the general atmospheric circulation, a new approach of calculating atmospheric radiation is proposed to investigate the distribution of the atmospheric heat source, and the budget of heat component is recalculated. The results show that there is a tremendous atmospheric heat source region over central India, northeast of the Bay of Bengal, east of the South China Sea and about 10 °N at the west Pacific, among which the heating center with a maximum heating rate of 8 ℃/day is located over the Bay of Bengal and the average rate in the Plateau is about 1 ℃/day.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER

The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed byusing daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stationsfrom January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well asTBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset dateof summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than thenormal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and thenpropagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows thatthere is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches ofYangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical westernPacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lagcorrelation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropicalwestern Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulationwith a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descendingregion of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical highover western Pacific and vice versa.     

青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化及其与大气环流的关系(英文)

本文使用１９６１～１９９５年逐月青藏高原地区大气机热量源汇＜Ｑ１＞资料、１９６１～１９９０年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ的再分析资料以及１９７５～１９９４年全球ＯＬＲ资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ｑ１＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱（或强）时，东亚大槽位置偏东（或西），对应着东亚强（或弱）的冬季风；夏季高原热源强（或弱）的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流（或反气旋环流），在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风（或东北风），对应着东亚强（或弱）的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季４月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关。     

近四十年我国气候变化的初步分析

本文对近四十年来我国的气候变化作了一个初步分析。结果表明，众所周知的全球增暖在我国只反映在东北、华北和西北西部地区；大约35°N以南，南岭以北，青藏高原以东地区是变冷区，变冷中心在四川、陕南和滇北；在全球温室效应下，高低纬变湿和中纬变干，而我国则大部分地区变干，华北和西北变干更明显。我国气候变化特点和全球增暖趋势有许多不一致，这一点值得引起我国气候学家的注意。     

Preliminary Analysis of Climatic Variation during the Last 39 Years in China

The preliminary analysis of climatic variation in China during the last 39 years has been made in this paper. The results show that although the global climate is getting warmer, some parts of China are cooling. The warming only occurs in Northeast, North and the west part of Northwest China while the areas between about 35°N and Nanling Mountain, east of the Tibetan Plateau in China are getting cooler. The cooling centers are located in Sichuan, the south part of Shaanxi and the north part of Yunnan respectively. According to the theory of greenhouse effect, there are much precipitation at low and high latitudes and less precipitation in middle latitude. However, the precipitation in the most parts of China has been decreased, especially in North and Northwest China.     

青藏高原地区总辐射超太阳常数的观测研究

为了研究青藏高原地区 (以拉萨站为代表 )太阳总辐射的变化情况 ,分别使用常规观测站资料和自动观测站资料。常规观测资料使用的是逐日太阳最大总辐射以及出现太阳最大总辐射的时刻。 1993年开始实施的中日亚洲季风研究计划 ,太阳总辐射是每隔 2 0 min采集一次。基于上述资料研究发现有青藏高原太阳总辐射大于太阳常数的反常现象。并对这种反常现象进行了统计 ,得到了一些有意义的结果 ,最后在非局域力学平衡 (NLTE)假设下 ,对出现这种现象提出了可能的解释。     

东亚海陆热力差指数与中国夏季降水的关系

定义了东亚海陆热力差指数（ＩＬＳＴＤ）,讨论了它与东亚夏季风的强弱年际变化及夏季降水的关系。结果表明：该海陆热力差指数较好地反映了我国东部季风区夏季降水的异常变化、强海陆热力差指数年,华北地区降水偏多,长江、淮河流域明显干旱;弱海陆热力差指数年,长江,淮河流域降水又异常偏多。ＴＬＳＴＤ的异常变化对影响我国东部季风区降水的大气环流型具有较强的识别力,尤其是对夏季西太平洋副热带高压的位置与强度的识别。     

东亚地区夏季风爆发过程

利用中国194站1961～1995年日降水资料及NCEP1979～1997年候格点降水资料,探讨了亚洲地区自春到夏的雨季开始分布。结果表明,东亚地区自春到夏存在副热带季风雨季开始和热带季风雨季开始。前者于4月初开始于华南北部和江南地区,随后向南和向西南扩展,于4月末扩展到华南沿海和中南半岛,这个雨带主要是冷空气和副热带高压西侧转向的SW风以及南亚地区冬春副热带南支西风槽中西风汇合而形成的,是副热带季风雨季开始。后者是南海热带季风爆发后使原来由江南移到华南沿岸的副热带季风雨带随副热带高压北进而北进,前汛期雨季进入盛期,江南出现第二次雨峰,形成梅雨期和江淮及华北雨季。同时,热带季风雨带也自东向西传播到达南亚地区而形成热带季风雨季。还讨论了1998年东亚地区夏季风爆发过程,指出南海夏季风爆发期的季风由副高北侧形成的新生气旋进入南海造成南海中部西风和南海越赤道气流转向的SW季风加强汇合而形成,因而是东亚季风系统中环流系统季节变化造成的,和印度季风无关。在南海季风爆发期阿拉伯海仍由副热带反气旋控制,南亚仍是上述副热带反气旋北侧NW风南下后转向的偏西副热带气流所控制,索马里低空急流仍未爆发,赤道西风并未影响南海。     

THE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERANNUAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL AIR-SEA SYSTEM

The time series of sea surface temperature(SST), sea level pressure (SLP), zonal wind (U) and total cloudiness (CA), for the period of 1950-1979, over a 8°×8° grid-point latitudinal belt between 32° S and 32°N are made from COADS (Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set). The time harmonic analysis and power spectra analysis show that there exist quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), three and half years oscillation (SO), five and half years oscillation (FYO) and eleven years oscillation (EYO) in these time series. The main propagation characteristics of these interannual low-frequency oscillations are as follows:(1) The variance analysis of SST shows that there is an active region of QBO and SO (with maximum variance), coming from the southwestern part of the subtropical Pacific, stretching eastward up to the west coast of South America, and then northward to the eastern equatorial Pacific. The QBO and SO disturbances of SST follow the same route and cause the anomaly of SST (El Nino and period of col     

夏季东亚地区水汽输送的气候特征

使用 1980—1997年垂直积分的水汽输送通量资料,分析了夏季大尺度水汽输送演变的气候特征及偏南风水汽输送在中国区域内的推进特征。结果表明:夏季各支大尺度水汽输送汇合成一条行星尺度水汽输送大值带,它从南半球出发,经过亚洲季风区,进入北太平洋;东亚夏季偏南风水汽输送所能到达的北界为东北北部50°N附近;西太平洋副高南侧的东南风水汽输送所能到达的西界为甘肃东南部100°E附近。垂直积分的水汽输送通量强辐合区大多位于行星尺度水汽输送大值带中,与降水大值区之间有很好的对应关系。