EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN CHEMOMETRICS

Chemometrics is defined as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to chemical systems.Systems theory is seen to be useful for organizing and categorizing the inputs to and outputs fromchemical systems.Advances in measurement science in the 1950s and 1960s,particularly in analyticalchemistry,created a need for a multivariate approach to data analysis.Early chemometrics emphasizedthe use of structure-finding methods for existing data sets.In many instances,data sets can be obtainedfrom designed experiments.Such data sets are more likely to contain the desired information and the datacan usually be acquired at less cost.Renewed interest in statistical process control will provide many new,more robust data sets in the future.     

RS AND GIS-BASED FOREST FIRE RISK ZONE MAPPING IN DA HINGGAN MOUNTAINS

1INTRODUCTIONForests are one of the major natural resources that per-form important environmental and recreational func-tions (COSTANZA and GROOT, 1997). It is well known that forests can absorb atmospheric carbon, maintain a certain degree of humidity in atmosphere, regulate rainfall, moderate temperature, and restrain soil erosion, etc. (AURELIA, 2003). So, the health of a forest in any given area is a very important indicator of the ecological conditions. But fire is the great…     

The Effect of Tide on the Global Climate Change

The differential rotation between the solid and fluid spheres caused by tidal force could explain the 1500 to 1800 - year cycle of the worlds temperature. Strong tide increases the vertical and horizontal mixing of water in the oceans,dra-wing the cold Pacific water from the depths to the surface and the warm water from the west to the east, where it cools or warms the atmosphere above, absorbs or releases CO2 to decrease or increase greenhouse effect and to make La Nina or El Nino occur in the global. The moons declination and obliquity of the ecliptic affect the tidal intensity. The exchange of tidal energy and tide -generating force caused by the sun, moon and major planets makes the earths layers rotate in different speeds. The differenti-al rotation between solid and fluid of the earth is the basic reason for El Nino and global climate change.     

LUCC and Accompanied Soil Degradation in China from 1960''''s to 1990''''s

This paper tries to qualitatively analyze land use and cover changes (LUCC) and accompanied soil degradation in China, the data of World Atlas of Agriculture in 1969, Land Cover Data of Asia in 1992 and Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation in 1992, etc. have been used. From 1960' s to 1990's, the area of forestland had increased, ara-ble land and paddy as well as grassland had significantly decreased in China. The major type of soil degradation is due to wa-ter erosion, which is widely distributed especially in Loess Plateau and in Southeast and Southwest China, this happened in forestland, grassland and arable land and mainly resulted from deforestation. The secondary type is wind erosion, which is mainly distributed in Northwest China, it happened in arable land and grassland and was caused by overgrazing. Chemical deterioration is distributed in North and Northwest China, which happened in paddy, arable land and grassland. Physical de-terioration only concentrated in local area in North     

ROSE2.0在黔西南4·14强对流天气中的应用分析

受高空槽、切变线、静止锋、弱冷空气、西南急流、地面辐合线影响,2022年4月14日黔西南州出现大范围强对流天气。本文对过程中ROSE2.0进行应用检验分析,结论如下：（1）过程第一阶段对流强度偏弱;第二阶段超级单体或强多单体风暴发展和成熟,对流以大冰雹、8级雷暴大风、40 mm以下短时强降水为主;第三阶段列车效应最明显,风暴移速较快,对流以8～11级雷暴大风、中冰雹、40～60 mm短时强降水为主。（2）ROSE2.0与本地雷达软件相比,大冰雹时CR基本一致,但VIL、HI偏小,ET偏大;ROSE2.0与实际理论值相比,VIL值明显偏低,ET、HI偏大;雷暴大风时低层径向速度ROSE2.0比本地的要小,但中高层偏大;短时强降水时一小时雨强估计ROSE2.0比实际值偏小。     

最小二乘法与A值平均法估测降水对比

利用贵州省兴义多普勒天气雷达复合体扫基数据资料及自动站雨量资料,在充分考虑了本地地理环境、气候背景的前提下,对贵州省黔西南地区2008～2009年产生的强天气过程进行了降水估测分析。分别采用最小二乘法及A值平均法得到该区域的Ze-I关系,然后对这2种方法的统计结果所做的Ze-I方程进行了对比。选取2010年2次强降水天...     

基于SWOT分析的舟山市远洋渔业发展路径

为促进舟山市远洋渔业发展,文章分析其优势、劣势、机遇和威胁,在此基础上提出发展路径。研究结果表明:舟山市远洋渔业发展在地理区位、基础设施和生产规模等方面具有优势,在技术装备和人员以及管理和产业机制等方面存在劣势,迎来政策和经济等机遇,面临国际、国内和海洋环境等因素的威胁;发展路径包括发挥行业协会作用、完善科技支撑体系、优化产业规划布局、健全后勤服务体系、建设公共服务平台和形成多元投资格局。     

1982—2000年中国区域地表反照率时空分布特征

利用1982—2000年NOAA-AVHRR数据资料,研究了中国区域地表反照率的空间分布及其随时间的变化规律。结果表明,中国区域年均地表反照率在空间分布上有很大的差异,胡焕庸线以西地区地表反照率明显大于以东地区;年平均地表反照率呈现缓慢下降趋势,但是不同地区的变化趋势有所不同,年均地表反照率显著降低的区域主要集中在华北平原,显著增加的区域主要集中在长白山和大兴安岭北部;不同季节地表反照率存在很大的差异,冬季最大,春、夏季次之,秋季最小,且冬季平均地表反照率波动幅度比较大;不同地表覆盖的地表反照率的年际变化也存在比较显著的差异。