土质滑坡格构锚杆抗滑机制及受力试验研究

通过滑坡防治格构锚固大型物理模型试验，分析了土质滑坡格构锚杆体系在坡顶荷载下的变形和位移，揭示了格构锚杆的抗滑机制，探讨了锚固力与坡体位移及锚杆变形的关系，提出了极限锚固力的计算方法。结果表明：滑坡滑动时，格构梁与坡体整体发生旋转滑移，锚杆在滑面处发生了弯曲变形，处于弯曲和轴向拉伸组合变形状态；格构锚杆的抗滑作用表现为锚杆在滑面处的抗剪抗滑和锚杆格构梁的挡土阻滑；格构锚杆的极限锚固力由初始预应力、锚杆弯曲变形引起锚拉力、坡体位移引起锚拉力三部分组成，可通过公式 计算。该研究结果可为格构锚固体系的优化设计提供一定的参考。     

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing-Shenfu Area

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.     

Genesis of S-type Granites in the Pengshan Sn-polymetallic Ore Field, Northern Jiangxi Province and its Implications

The Pengshan Sn-polymetallic ore field is located in the southeastern part of the Yangtze block, spanning the southeast edge of the MLYDZ and the northern edge of the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift, and on one side of the MLYDZ. The studies of LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry for Early Cretaceous acid granites from the Pengshan ore field were carried out in this paper. We report zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry for acid granites in the Pengshan ore field. The zircon U–Pb ages of the muscovite-granite, biotite adamellite and granite-porphyry are 127.6 ± 1.7 Ma, 126.9 ± 1.6 Ma and 126.6 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. The granites in Pengshan are characterized by a high silicon content and are rich in alkali. They belong to high-potassium, calc-alkaline, peraluminous granite. The rocks have a relatively high Rb/Ba ratio, and the data points for muscovite-granite and biotite adamellite all fall within the clay-rich sources region, near the pelite-derived end-member, showing that the Pengshan muscovite-granite and biotite adamellite mainly originated from the partial melting of metapelites with high maturity. The transformation of the compressional and extensional tectonics in this region approximately 128 Ma obviously lags behind that in the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift (135 Ma), but occurred earlier than the MLYDZ (126 Ma). The Pengshan ore field extends from the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift to the MLYDZ. Although the tectonic stress field is constrained by the combination of the two secondary tectonic units, the time of tectonic system transformation is closer to the MLYDZ because the spatial orientation of the area is enclosed in the MLYDZ. Relevant geophysical and drilling data confirm the rationality of Pengshan–Ao’xia as a multi-center vertical zoning ore field, and show the scientificity of the prospecting idea of abutting joint between the north-west of Pengshan area and the south-east of Ao’xia area.     

岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式分类

岩溶山区特殊的地质结构导致崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害时常发生，带来了严重的人员伤亡和经济社会损失。研究岩溶山区崩滑灾害特征，建立相应的变形破坏地质模式，对于岩溶山区崩滑灾害风险防控与治理工程具有重要理论意义与指导价值。文章以典型地质灾害形成演化过程为例，在系统地分析研究区典型崩滑灾害地质背景、影响因素、动力学与运动学特征的基础上，提出了岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式，得出以下主要结论:（1）影响崩滑成灾基本因素（崩滑灾害体势能、岩溶结构面、岩组结构、斜坡地貌和斜坡结构）、影响因素（水文地质条件、工程活动、地震、降雨）和变形运动特征（运动形式和变形机制）三个方面，据此建立了岩溶山区崩滑灾害地质分类指标体系。（2）结合研究区特征对模型体系里面的每个要素进行系统分析，崩滑灾害的发生是各个要素相互组合、相互作用的结果。（3）总结了研究区内5种典型崩滑地质模式:高势能反倾降雨型高速远程滑坡—碎屑流模型、高势能斜倾视向采矿型高速远程崩滑灾害模型、超高势能横向陡倾地震型高速远程滑坡、高势能采矿型高速崩塌—碎屑流模型、低势能差异风化崩塌模型。为后续开展物理模拟、数值模拟、稳定性计算和变形破坏预测等工作奠定基础。下一步将更加深入全面地建立研究区的崩滑灾害模式，并进行崩滑灾害的危险性分级工作。      

辽宁地区上地幔各向异性研究

利用辽宁数字地震台网2013—2017年间15个宽频带地震台站记录到的震中距在85°到140°之间的且Mw≥5.5的远震SKS波形数据,基于SplitLab软件,使用旋转相关法、最小切向能量法和最小特征值法,计算每一个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的延迟时间,获得辽宁地区上地幔各向异性参数共398对。结果显示,辽宁地区存在比较明显的上地幔各向异性,快波偏振方向大部分呈NWW方向,与中生代晚期岩石圈伸展形变方向一致;各向异性快慢波延迟时间在0.4～1.2 s之间,可以推测软流圈对各向异性的影响比较小,主要是由残留在岩石圈的古老形变所导致。     

单轴压缩下两种脆性岩石强度及声发射特性的试验研究

脆性对岩石破裂机制及声发射特性具有重要影响。采用花岗岩及大理岩两种不同岩性的岩石，开展了单轴压缩及声发射测试试验，获取了两种岩石的强度及变形特性，并对其脆性大小进行定量评价，分析了单轴压缩过程中两种岩石声发射能量演化特性，结合声发射b值计算结果及其物理意义，对比了两种岩石破裂机制的差异性。结果表明:(1)试验所采用的两种岩石，花岗岩的σ_cd/σ_p之比介于0.676~0.745之间，平均为0.706，而大理岩的σ_cd/σ_p之比介于0.439~0.615，平均为0.52；(2)基于脆性评价指标，结合试样宏观破坏现象及形态，本次试验采用的花岗岩其脆性大于大理岩；(3)岩石脆性程度越大，在裂纹不稳定扩展阶段，在产生相同的轴向压缩变形的情况下，环向变形量越大；(4)强脆性的花岗岩在裂纹不稳定扩展阶段持续出现高能级的声发射信号，而弱脆性的大理岩则表现出能量持续降低的变化趋势，峰值强度后，弱脆性的大理岩其高能级能量的声发射信号更活跃；(5)单轴压缩下，与大理岩相比，花岗岩破坏过程中大尺度的破裂事件所占比例较大。     

地质科技论文作者署名与致谢的编写规则及方法

在搜集、学习相关资料的基础上,对地质科技论文作者署名与致谢的编写规则与写作方法形成较为系统的认识,作者署名是科技论文的重要组成部分,要努力掌握其编写规则与写作方法。署名的编写时要明白作者署名的意义,要遵守作者署名的编写规则、要了解通讯作者的意义与编写方法,要真实客观地提供作者的相关信息。必要时,可在文末编写致谢。     

江苏沿海盐渍土盐渍化程度及其影响因素分析

盐渍土是江苏沿海地区开发建设需关注的地质环境问题之一。本文系统采集5 m以浅的土样，开展易溶盐试验，研究了江苏沿海盐渍土分布规律、盐渍化程度及影响因素。研究结果表明:全区盐渍土平行于海岸线分布；以中、弱盐渍土为主，强盐渍土零星分布。受沉积环境、气候、水文地质条件、人类活动等共同影响，盐渍化程度空间差异明显。平面上，盐渍化程度呈北强南弱、向海岸线方向延伸有逐渐增强的趋势，强盐渍土分布于连云港黏性土区，岩性、地下水矿化度为主导影响因素。垂向上，表层普遍积盐，连云港地区分带不明显，大丰和南通地区自地表而下可划分为三带，表层土蒸发积盐、中层盐动态变化、下层土饱水盐稳定，地下水位、土体结构为主导影响因素。随着沿海大开发的快速推进，为防止次生盐渍化问题，需关注地面沉降导致的地面高程损失诱发海水入侵加重表层土盐渍化，工程建设中可设置隔离层截断高矿化度地下水的毛细作用。     

湘黔桂新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层年代格架对比及关键地质事件初探

湘黔桂地区发育一套完整的新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层(下江群及其相当地层),是研究扬子克拉通与华夏板块碰撞拼接后华南大陆裂谷盆地演化的重要载体。本文报道了贵州省铜仁市万山区清水江组上部、平略组底部及中部变质凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩的年龄,分别为(763.8±5.5) Ma(N=24,MSWD=0.29)、(760.2±4.1) Ma(N=25,MSWD=0.39)、(759.1±3.9) Ma(N=26,MSWD=0.38)。通过对湘黔桂地区下江群及其相当地层中已有火山岩、火山碎屑沉积岩、含凝灰质岩石年龄的系统梳理与分析研究,进一步确定下江群其及相当地层的沉积时限在822~715 Ma,桂北丹洲群三门街组玄武岩是在武陵造山后伸展背景下湘黔桂地区裂谷最大裂陷时期的产物,清水江组与平略组内大量的火山物质可能来源于江南造山带东段800~760 Ma的中酸性喷出岩。结合地层、岩性、年代特征,本文恢复了湘黔桂盆地新元古代拉伸纪晚期的演化历史,并认为该套地层符合建立下江系条件。     

淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征

为探究淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素来源及地球化学特征，采集淮南煤田深部山西组煤煤样、夹矸、顶板和底板共20个样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试样品中稀土元素含量及伴生元素含量，探讨了研究区深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明:淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素含量平均值为40.85 mg/kg，低于中国煤中稀土元素含量平均值；煤中稀土元素配分模式主要是H型配分模式；Eu元素明显负异常，表明煤中稀土元素沉积环境为还原环境；Ce元素呈微弱正异常，表明成煤沼泽环境中海水的影响并未造成Ce的严重亏损；相关性分析结果显示，山西组煤中稀土元素与灰分呈正相关(R2=0.55)，与陆源碎屑元素Al、Cr和Th等呈显著正相关，且与海相特征元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。