卤水提锂的萃取体系概述

介绍了国内外萃取法在含锂溶液,尤其在卤水中提取锂的部分研究进展情况,重点对各种萃取体系的机理和特点进行了说明,并对今后我国盐湖卤水萃取法提锂研究的方向进行了总结。     

GPS观测的2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震地壳变形

2001年11月14日17时26分,在昆仑山口西青海和新疆交界处发生了M_S8.1级强烈地震。震后利用 GPS开展了相对密集的地壳形变观测。计算获得的同震位移表明,地震地壳形变影响范围大致为88°～97°E, 32°～38°N,断层运动具有明显的左旋兼挤压的特点。在昆仑山口附近GPS观测获得的地表破裂两侧的相对左旋 位移量约为2.6m,与地表野外调查获得的该处的地震破裂位移值符合的很好。断裂南侧垂直断裂走向同震位移 量逐渐衰减,位移方向相对稳定。而断裂北侧,同震位移主要集中分布在柴达木盆地南缘,位移方向变化较大,盆 地内部位移量迅速衰减,表明东昆仑断裂北侧柴达木盆地地壳介质性质与其南侧高原腹地有明显不同。GPS观测 得到的震后断层蠕动结果表明,最初两周内断层蠕动位移量就占了观测期(近1年时间)总位移量的47%还要多, 其后半年多的时间内断层蠕动位移量不到观测期总位移量的40%,而余下的近5个月时间断层蠕动位移量只占观 测期总位移量的13%。断层蠕动速率在最初两周内超过130cm/a,到2002年3月11日迅速下降到26cm/a,其后 则逐渐呈线性衰减。区域GPS观测的初步结果同时表明,尽管地震破裂附近断层两侧有较大的相对位移,但东部 甘青川一带相关断层上相对运动不明显,可能说明这一区域仍处在     

油气成藏机理研究进展和前沿研究领域

随着地质工作者刻划和认识地下地质体构成、结构的能力及研究和预测沉积盆地能量场（温度场、压力场和应力场）及其演化能力的不断提高，以流体流动和油气运移为核心的油气成藏机理研究取得了重要进展：（1）证实了油气的优势通道运移并妆步提示了优势运移通道的微观和宏观控制机制，从而使基于油气运移路径三维预测的油气藏定位预测成为可能；（2）证实了幕式快速成藏过程并初步揭示了幕式成藏的驱动机制、有利场所和地球化学识别标志，突破了油气成藏是一个缓慢渗流过程的传统模式；（3）深盆气勘探和成藏机理研究取得了进展，从而突破了背斜成藏的传统观念，使“向斜”（盆地凹陷区）成为一些盆地寻找大型天然气藏的重要场所。沉积盆地深层油气成藏过程和保存条件、活动构造背景下油气晚期快速成藏过程是油气成藏机理研究的重要前沿研究领域。     

1996年包头6.4级地震的地壳应变特征

根据GPS观测资料求出的水平地应变和由跨断层垂直形变计算出的速率强度累积率，研究了包头-大同地区1992～1995年、1995～1996年和1996～1999年的各时期的应变特征，并对包头6.4级(1996年5月3)地震前后的地应变进行对比，认为以压应变为主导的高值区可能是未来强震孕育的地区．面应变、主压应变、剪应变和趋势累积率同时较高的地区，强震危险性较大．一般低应变区和张应变为主导的地区，孕育强震的可能性小，属于比较稳定的地区．1992～1999年包头-大同地区的GPS水平应变的演变，反映了1996～1998年地震幕的孕育发展及结束的全过程．以压应变为主的高应变区和应变梯度带可作为未来强震危险区的判定标志之一．      

卫星气象数据业务系统上行信息传输数据流程

介绍了卫星气象数据业务系统中上行气象信息的具体数据流程及有关上行传输设置.     

围场牌楼御圣饮用天然矿泉水

围场牌楼御圣矿泉水出露于侏罗系张家口组凝灰岩、安山岩中，属偏硅酸、锶复合型矿泉水，其成因是含偏硅酸和锶的岩石经地下水深循环作用，长期溶滤围岩，使偏硅酸、锶不断富集的结果，除含偏硅酸、锶外，还含有有益于人体健康的微量元素。该矿泉水水量充沛，动态稳定，水质良好。     

自研透射式能见度测量系统性能分析

从系统测量原理、组成结构、计算过程及测量效果等方面介绍了一种自行研制的透射式能见度测量系统。该系统使用白色LED光源,实现发散角为1mrad的平行光路;利用积分球进行分光监控以补偿光能量变化;使用非球面镜实现全光斑接收。系统与积分浊度计在2～10km量程内能见度测试误差小于10%。从透射式能见度测量原理与计算过程,分析了影响系统测量性能的因素。结果显示定标准确性、测量线性度与系统稳定性是影响系统测量性能的主要因素,同时给出了该系统的定标准确性、测量线性度与系统稳定性的评估方法及评估数据,验证了该系统的测量性能。     

前向散射式能见度仪测试方法研究

针对气象行业前向散射式能见度仪检测标准缺失现状,开展了前向散射式能见度仪室内测试方法研究。文中介绍了前向散射式能见度仪的工作原理,阐述了测量标准设备的组成和技术要求,详细论述了前向散射式能见度仪的测试项目和测试方法,展示了多台前向散射式能见度仪室内实测结果。研究表明:利用试验舱模拟能见度进行测量范围和示值误差测试具有可行性,测量标准器可选择透射仪;响应时间可通过放置散射板或遮光板产生突变信号完成测试。     

淇、卫河流域“96·8”致洪暴雨过程的数值模拟

应用LASGREMM模式 ,对淇、卫河流域“96·8”致洪暴雨过程进行了模拟预报分析。结果表明 ,LAS GREM模式不仅能较准确地预报淇、卫河流域暴雨落区 ,而且可以进一步分析天气过程的特点及演变情况     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.