人工影响天气作业点防雷措施

由于人影作业点工作的特殊性：建筑物小、设施少、人员少,多建在地址相对较高、视野开阔的山顶或台地上,冰雹云（积雨云）进入路径的上风位置,容易出现雷击事故。但在进行雷电防护措施处理时,却只能参照相关标准,给人影作业点防雷设计施工带来一定的困难,为此,该文在分析人影作业点概况的基础上,提出作业点雷电防护措施。     

青藏高原东北部新近纪古流向与物源分布对隆升的响应

通过对青藏高原东北部11个新近纪沉积盆地的沉积相演化、古流向和物源演变的详细对比研究,揭示了研究区新近纪4次沉积演变与构造隆升的响应.①中新世早期(23～19.5Ma):阿牙克库木湖、柴达木、德令哈和酒泉盆地的古流向和物源分析表明东昆仑和阿尔金已经抬升成剥蚀区.循化、贵德和临夏等盆地物源和古流向指示西秦岭和拉脊山也已成为隆起区.区域上整体地势差异不显著.②中新世早中期(17.5～15Ma):区域湖盆面积扩大,阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地的资料反映东昆仑、阿尔金和祁连山已经全面隆升,贵德循化、临夏盆地的古流向反映为盆地周缘型,指示西秦岭和拉脊山明显抬升,区域差异隆升造成盆地凹陷扩张进入湖泛期.③中新世中晚期(10～7Ma):阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地沉积物的粒径和沉积速率增大,与热年代学证据一致,揭示出阿尔金山和祁连山进一步快速隆升.贵德、循化和临夏盆地古流向和物源反映为显著的多源性,除西秦岭和拉脊山外,位于循化和临夏两盆地间的积石山也开始隆起.④上新世(5.3Ma以来):索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地古流向没有明显变化,沉积速率和粒径继续增大,阿尔金和祁连山加速隆升为高海拔地貌.贵德盆地主物源区是拉脊山.区域上,地势差异加强,湖盆被肢解后逐步萎缩消亡.     

柴达木盆地大红沟剖面新生代地层岩石磁学 特征与环境演变

通过对柴达木盆地大红沟剖面新生代沉积物岩石磁学的研究,探讨青藏高原东北部的构造活动与气候变化。典型样品的热退磁曲线表明,磁铁矿含量随地层年代的变新而增大。沉积物的磁化率由老至新划分为5个阶段,随时代变新而不断增大,与磁铁矿含量的增大相吻合。柴达木盆地沉积物磁化率值的变化与气候变化关系密切:①约43Ma,磁化率增大是全球气候变冷变干导致沉积物中磁铁矿含量增加所致;②约33Ma,磁化率增大是全球气候加速变冷的结果;③22Ma左右,青藏高原整体隆升,控制中国大陆环境的气候系统由行星风系转变为季风风系,亚洲内陆开始干旱化,致使更多的磁铁矿得以保存,磁化率值再度增大;④14Ma青藏高原东北缘发生区域构造抬升,西北干旱区进一步扩大,东亚季风明显加强,同时全球冰量扩张,导致柴达木盆地沉积物的磁化率整体增大,而且波动幅度和频率增大。     

陕西省铧厂沟金矿床主矿带黄铁矿热电性特征及其地质意义

陕西省铧厂沟金矿是一个主要赋存于海底基性火山喷流细碧岩中的金矿床。文中系统研究了该矿床主矿带黄铁矿的热电性特征。主矿带成矿温度主要集中在130~330 ℃,属中-低温矿床;黄铁矿导电类型从早期到晚期由N 型向P 型转变;P型黄铁矿出现频率从浅部到深部呈减小趋势;金品位高值区与P型黄铁矿的高值区及热电系数离散度的低值区相对应;主矿带黄铁矿热电导型及热电性参数特征反映出主矿带开采区位于矿体中部偏下,向深处仍有一定规模的延伸。综合分析认为,0至2勘探线深部以及22~26勘探线深部发现新的富矿段的可能性较大。     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPRING KUROSHIO SSTA AND SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA

Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the methods of Morlet wave, correlation and composite analysis. The results show that annual and interdecadal change of spring SST in the Kuroshio region is distinct. Spring SST displays a significantly increasing trend and there exist different periodic oscillations in the Kuroshio region, with the 23-year periodic oscillation being the most obvious. Troughs and ridges in the mid- and higher- latitudes turn deeper in high Kuroshio SSTA years. At the same time, the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and stretches westwards. As a result, the warm / wet air from the west of the subtropical high locates in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China and summer rainfall in the above regions increases accordingly. Composite anomalous water vapor flux fields indicate that the vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific and the vapor from the north converge over the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China, which results in the increase of the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China. On the contrary, the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China decreases correspondingly in low Kuroshio SSTA years.     

陕西省略阳县铧厂沟金矿床主矿带地球化学原生晕特征及其地质意义

陕西省铧厂沟金矿是一个主要赋存于海底基性火山喷流细碧岩中的金矿床。在野外地质工作的基础上,对主矿带样品的测试数据进行了数学地质分析和原生晕分带序列计算。结果表明,Au11矿体的原生晕轴向分带序列从上至下为:Hg-Sb-Ni-As-Bi-Cu-Au-Co-Zn-W-Mo-Mn-Pb-Ag-Cd;Au8矿体的原生晕轴向分带序列从上至下为:Cu-Co-W-Au-Ni-Sb-Mn-As-Pb-Bi-Hg-Mo-Ag-Zn-Cd;并提出了主矿带理想原生晕分带序列:Sb-As-Cu-Hg(前缘晕)→Au-Ag-Bi-Pb-W(近矿晕)→Ni-Co-Mn-Mo-Zn-Cd(尾晕)。结合微量元素衬值空间变化规律,建立了2个矿体的原生晕叠加理想模型。Au11矿体在1 150 m中段以前缘晕和尾晕叠加为特征;在1 110 m中段,发育较强的尾晕。Au8矿体在1 150 m和1 070 m中段以前缘晕和尾晕叠加为特征;在1 110 m中段,矿体减薄,近矿晕减弱,发育很弱的前缘晕和尾晕。综合分析认为,Au11矿体到达中下部,向深部仍有一定延伸;Au8矿体已经接近尾部,深部可能存在新的矿体。     

东亚夏季风的年际变化及其对环流和降水的影响

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height (GHT) and wind at 850 hPa, GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure (SLP) and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June–August from 1951 to 2006, and focusing on the East Asia-West Pacific region (10°–80°N, 70°–180°E), interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its correlations with general circulation and precipitation patterns are studied by using statistical diagnostic methods such as 9-point high pass filtering, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, composite analysis and other statistical diagnosis, etc. It is concluded as follows: (1) EOF analysis of SLP in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows the existence of the zonal dipole oscillation mode (APD) between the Mongolia depression and the West Pacific high, and APD index can be used as an intensity index of EASM. (2) EOF analysis of GHT anomalies at 500 hPa in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows that the first EOF mode is characterized with an obvious meridional East Asian pattern (EAP), and EAP index can also be used as an EASM intensity index. (3) The composite analysis of high/low APD index years reveals the close correlation of APD index with EAP at 500 hPa (or 850 hPa). The study shows an obvious opposite correlation exists between APD index and EAP index with a correlation coefficient of −0.23, which passes the confidence test at 0.10 level. (4) Both APD and EAP indexes are closely correlated with precipitation during flood-prone season in China and precipitation rate over the East Asia-West Pacific region. The significant correlation area at 5% confidence level is mainly located from the southern area of the Yangtze River valley to the ocean around southern Japan, and the former is a positive correlation and the latter is a negative one. Foundation: Cooperative Project funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, No.2007DFB20210; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90502003; JICA China-Japan Technical Cooperative Project “China-Japanese Cooperative Research Center on Meteorological Disasters”. Author: Yu Shuqiu, Associate Professor, specialized in climate and climate change.     

VR-GIS技术在无锡西部地区地裂缝研究中的应用

以无锡西部地区为研究区,利用虚拟GIS技术建立仿真地裂缝的虚拟平台,在数字高程模型的基础上,结合锡西地区地裂缝的分布特征以及野外采集的数据,对延伸地面和房屋的地裂缝分别采用几何建模法和动态纹理建模法,从而实现小尺度范围内动态仿真研究区地裂缝及其对房屋产生的影响作用。此外,在大尺度范围内对比产生裂缝的房屋、基岩起伏以及地面累计沉降量的三维空间分布,对比地裂缝与引发因素间的相互关系。选择开发环境良好的VC++作为虚拟开发平台,利用OpenGL（open graphic library）作为可视化开发工具包。研究成果能够为研究者清晰直观地探究地裂缝灾害的发生过程、引发因素以及产生的后果,提供一个强有力的工具。     

硝基苯在傍河地下水源地迁移转化的数值模拟研究

通过开展室内模拟实验研究,探讨硝基苯在傍河水源地的迁移规律、转化机理及其影响因素。在实验的基础上,构建描述硝基苯在傍河地下水源地迁移转化的数学模型。数值模拟结果表明：淤泥介质对硝基苯的吸附能力相对较高,硝基苯在淤泥中的线性吸附系数为0.526 cm³/g,在砂砾中的线性吸附系数为0.123 cm³/g;硝基苯在淤泥介质中的生物降解作用也明显大于在砂砾介质中,其在淤泥介质中的生物降解速率常数可达0.043 h^-1,而在砂砾介质中仅为0.002 h^-1。本次对室内硝基苯迁移转化实验的数值模拟效果较为理想,模拟结果对硝基苯在含水层中的迁移过程和转化规律进行了科学合理的量化描述,可将该模型进一步用于野外硝基苯迁移转化的模拟预测中。     

鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地天然水体环境同位素组成及其水循环意义

鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地天然水体的环境同位素组成表明,区内各种地表水体（河流和湖淖）在δ18O和δD图上主要分布在雨水线右侧,其关系线的斜率明显小于雨水线的蒸发线,集中反映蒸发作用对地表水体的影响。盆地内地下水大致集中沿雨水线分布,反映了白垩系盆地内地下水为大气降水成因。盆地南北两区地下水的环境同位素具有明显差异性特点,集中体现了盆地南北两区水循环条件的差异。盆地北区各含水岩组间地下水垂向水力联系比较密切,垂向运动特点比较明显,现代水积极循环带的深度为200 m;南区地下水分层性明显,以水平径流为主,现代水积极循环带的深度为160 m。区内浅层地下水以富氚和高¹⁴C含量为特征,反映为现代水补给;而中、深层地下水则以贫氚和低¹⁴C含量为特征,反映为地质历史时期补给。