Snow water content estimation from measured snow temperature

The vertical temperature profiles of snow and sea ice have been measured in the Arctic during the 2nd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2003(CHINARE2003).The high-resolution temperature profile in snow is solved by one-dimensional heat transfer equation.The effective heat diffusivity,internal heat sources are identified.The internal heat source refers to the penetrated solar radiation which usually warms the lower part of the snow layer in summer.By temperature gradient analysis,the zero level can be clarified quantitatively as the boundary of the dry and wet snow.According to the in situ time series of vertical temperature profile,the time series of water content in snow is obtained based on an evaluation method of snow water content associated with the snow and ice physical parameters.The relationship of snow water content and snow temperature and temporal-spatial distribution of snow water content are presented     

Preliminary results on relationship between thermal diffusivity and porosity of sea ice in the Antarctic

The in situ sea-ice temperature, salinity and density observed from Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station have been applied to calculate the vertical profile of sea ice porosity. Based on numerical method, a number of schemes on sea-ice thermal diffusivity versus porosity have been accessed and one optimized scheme is identified by an optimal control model with an advanced distributing parameter system. For simplicity, the internal heating source item was neglected in the heat conduction equation during the identification procedure. In order to illustrate the applicability of this identified scheme, the vertical ice temperature profiles have been simulated and compared with measurements, respectively by using identified scheme and by classical thermodynamic formulae.The comparisons indicated that the scheme describing sea-ice thermal diffusivity and porosity is reasonable. In spite of a minor improvement of accuracy of results against in situ data, the identified scheme has a more physical meaning and could be used potentially in various applications.     

第十届国际OMAE会议将在挪威斯塔凡格召开

由我国海洋工程学会和造船工程学会参加的国际近岸力学和北极工程会议,其第十届会议定于1991年6月23至28日在挪威的斯塔凡格召开。征文截止到1990年6月1日。会议包括四个专题讨论会,近五十个技术论文会议。这四个专题讨论会分别是: 1.北极/极地专题讨论会 (1)北极开发和设想(2)极地技术(3)冰力学和冰性质(4)冰工程(5)     

辽东湾平整固定冰冰温及其他物理特性的测定与分析

在鲅鱼圈港区工作码头港池内,风与海流对海冰的生成和成长影响较小,因此在此能生成典型的平整固定冰,结合近年来海冰力学性质测试研究,1986-1987年冬季,对该港区海冰的温度及其他物理特性进行了较系统的测试.本文以大量观测和测试结果为依据,介绍该港区平整固定冰的一般物理特征,重点分析日气温变化、长时间气温变化以及积雪对冰温的垂直分布的影响和一般变化规律,简述盐度、密度和晶体粒径的一般垂直分布规律.     

预测细粒酒精模型冰物理和力学参数的实验关系

依据模型冰物理性质控制其力学性质的原则 ,利用能量平衡观点建立了冰内未冻结液体含量同制冰过程中的冰池温度、降温及升温时间、模型冰厚度 (喷雾时间×流量 )的理论关系 ,以其量纲表达式作为预测模型冰物理和力学参数的综合控制指标 ;通过系统测量酒精溶液冰点温度、冰池大厅气温、模型冰温度、冰内未冻液含量、冰密度、冰压缩强度、冰弯曲强度和冰变形模量 ,获得了不同冰点温度模型冰的物理和力学参数同该综合控制指标的实验关系 ;实现了用人为可控制因子定量控制模型冰物理和力学参数的目的     

Crystals and fabrics analysis of an Arctic thermal growth multi-year ice sample

One of sea ice core samples was taken from Arctic by the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition Team in 1999. 20 vertical and 2 horizontal ice sections were cut out of the ice core sample 2.22 m in length, which covered the ice sheet from surface to bottom except losses for during sampling and section cutting. From the observation and analysis of the fabrics and crystals along the depth of the ice core sample, followings were found. Whole ice sheet consists of columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar and refrozen clastic pieces. This indicates that the ice core sample was 3-year old, and the ice sheet surface thawed and the melt water flowed into ice sheet during summer. Hence, the annual energy balance in Arctic can be determined by the ice sheet surface thawing in summer, and bottom growth in winter. The thickness of the ice sheet is kept constantly at a certain position based on the corresponding climate and ocean conditions; A new     

Fabric and crystal characteristics of Bohai and Arctic sea ice

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中国第19次南极科学考察中海冰调查技术介绍

介绍了第19次中国南极科学考察中海冰走航和定点调查使用的一些新技术.实践发现这些辅助技术可以提高裸眼观测的准确性, 它们同样可以应用于渤海海冰和内陆河冰的现场调查.其中可视技术、船舶雷达跟踪技术和冰层厚度变化过程测试技术应用前景宽阔, 介绍了它们的测试目标、原理、组成和运行性能.     

现行规范中计算桩柱冰荷载的比较

阐述了冰荷载的作用形式以及影响因素, 回顾了近年来世界各国工程规范及建议中对于作用于直立桩柱上冰荷载的主要的计算方法.引用渤海地区的特征冰条件, 比较了运用不同公式计算所得的冰荷载值, 分析了造成结果差异的主要原因-公式系数项.